Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar;36(3):239-257. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.11.002. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation - the adaptive evolution of organisms to cities - is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we find only six comprehensive examples of species adaptively evolving to urbanization. We discuss the utility and shortcomings of methods for studying urban adaptation. We then review diverse systems offering preliminary evidence for urban adaptation and outline a research program for advancing its study. Urban environments constitute diverse, interacting selective agents that test the limits of adaptation. Understanding urban adaptation therefore offers unique opportunities for addressing fundamental questions in evolutionary biology and for better conserving biodiversity in cities. However, capitalizing on these opportunities requires appropriate research methods and dissemination of accurate narratives.
目前的研究表明，城市适应——生物对城市的适应性进化——在多个分类群和城市中普遍存在。然而，在回顾了数百项研究后，我们只发现了六个物种适应城市化的综合实例。我们讨论了研究城市适应的方法的效用和局限性。然后，我们回顾了提供城市适应初步证据的不同系统，并概述了推进其研究的研究计划。城市环境构成了多样化的、相互作用的选择因素，这些因素检验了适应的极限。因此，了解城市适应为解决进化生物学中的基本问题和更好地保护城市中的生物多样性提供了独特的机会。然而，要利用这些机会，需要适当的研究方法和准确的研究成果的传播。
