Campez Mileini, Raiker Joseph S, Sarver Dustin E, Friedman Lauren M, Orban Sarah A, Rapport Mark D
Department of Psychology, Center for Children & Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street AHC1 140, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216 USA.
J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2020 Sep;42(3):450-463. doi: 10.1007/s10862-019-09762-x. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
Recent studies demonstrate that working memory (WM) is integral to etiological models of ADHD; however, significant questions persist regarding the relation between WM performance across tasks with varying cognitive demands and ADHD symptoms. The current study incorporates an individual differences approach to WM heterogeneity (i.e., latent profile analysis) to (a) identify differential profiles of WM across the phonological and visuospatial WM subsystems; and (b) characterize differences in symptom presentation among WM profiles. Parent and teacher ratings of child behavior, obtained for boys with (=51) and without (=38) a diagnosis of ADHD, were compared across latent classes of visuospatial and phonological WM performance. Latent profile analysis identified three classes of WM functioning: Low WM, Moderate WM, and High WM. Membership in the Low and Moderate WM classes was associated with greater levels of parent- and teacher-rated inattentive and hyperactive symptoms. While 84% of the ADHD group were assigned to the Low and Moderate WM classes, more than a quarter of children without ADHD exhibited Moderate WM limitations. Collectively, these findings extend prior work suggesting that there is substantial heterogeneity in WM functioning in children with and without ADHD and that these differences contribute to the expression of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity.
近期研究表明，工作记忆（WM）是多动症病因模型的重要组成部分；然而，关于不同认知需求任务中的工作记忆表现与多动症症状之间的关系，仍存在重大问题。当前研究采用个体差异方法来研究工作记忆的异质性（即潜在剖面分析），以（a）识别语音和视觉空间工作记忆子系统中工作记忆的不同剖面；以及（b）描述工作记忆剖面之间症状表现的差异。对患有（=51）和未患有（=38）多动症诊断的男孩，比较其视觉空间和语音工作记忆表现的潜在类别下的父母和教师对儿童行为的评分。潜在剖面分析确定了三类工作记忆功能：低工作记忆、中等工作记忆和高工作记忆。低工作记忆和中等工作记忆类别的成员与父母和教师评定的更高水平的注意力不集中和多动症状相关。虽然多动症组中84%被归为低工作记忆和中等工作记忆类别，但超过四分之一没有多动症的儿童表现出中等工作记忆限制。总体而言，这些发现扩展了先前的研究工作，表明患有和未患有多动症的儿童在工作记忆功能方面存在很大的异质性，并且这些差异导致了注意力不集中和多动症状的表现。
