Edouard Pascal, Sanchez Hervé, Bourrilhon Cyprien, Homo Sébastien, Frère Julien, Cassirame Johan
Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.
Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.
Front Sports Act Living. 2019 Sep 6;1:20. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00020. eCollection 2019.
Pole vault is a highly demanding sport where many physical and technical requirements are engaged in performance process. Considering level of energy transferred from athlete's horizontal speed to the pole during pole bending, we can imagine that associated musculoskeletal tensions, in addition to trials accumulation, can increase the risk of (specific) injuries. Given the multiple morphological, physical and technical characteristics of vaulters and ways of pole vaulting, we can hypothesis that some patterns of pole vaults can lead to higher injury risk than others. To analyze the potential association between the biomechanical patterns of pole vault and the history of injuries. We conducted a study over national-level pole vaulters including the prospective collection of pole vault biomechanical data during competition at the national elite indoor championship and youth national indoor championship (U17 and U20), associated with the retrospective collection of their injuries during the 12 preceding months through an online questionnaire. Among the 88 pole vaulters participating in these championships, 62 (70.5%) accepted to participated in this study, and their pole vault biomechanical and injury data were collected. 77.4% reported having presented at least one injury during the 12 preceding months. One biomechanical parameter related to the take-off phase (lower H2, i.e., height of the grip (superior) hand from the ground when the athlete subsequently took off from the ground) and some biomechanical parameters related to the terminal phase of the run-up phase (higher Spd [i.e., speed between 10 and 5 meters to the box), SL (last stride adjustment), SL (stride length variation), t (contact time)] were significantly associated with higher proportions of all injuries. Biomechanical pole vault patterns during the competition day were associated with a higher proportion of history of all injuries. Although the injury data collection was retrospective leading to recall bias risk, and do not allow determining cause-consequence relationships regarding biomechanical patterns and injury occurrence, this present study is the first to analyze potential association between the biomechanical pole vault patterns and injury occurrence, which is of great help to provide hypotheses/ideas to design future studies and to move forward into prevention measures.
撑杆跳是一项要求极高的运动，在其表现过程中涉及许多身体和技术要求。考虑到运动员水平速度在撑杆弯曲过程中传递到撑杆的能量水平，我们可以想象，除了试跳积累之外，相关的肌肉骨骼张力会增加（特定）受伤的风险。鉴于撑杆跳运动员的多种形态、身体和技术特征以及撑杆跳的方式，我们可以假设某些撑杆跳模式会比其他模式导致更高的受伤风险。为了分析撑杆跳生物力学模式与受伤史之间的潜在关联。我们对国家级撑杆跳运动员进行了一项研究，包括在全国精英室内锦标赛和青少年全国室内锦标赛（U17和U20）比赛期间前瞻性收集撑杆跳生物力学数据，并通过在线问卷回顾性收集他们在前12个月内的受伤情况。在参加这些锦标赛的88名撑杆跳运动员中，62名（70.5%）同意参与本研究，并收集了他们的撑杆跳生物力学和受伤数据。77.4%的人报告在前12个月内至少受过一次伤。一个与起跳阶段相关的生物力学参数（较低的H2，即运动员随后离地时握（上）手距地面的高度）以及一些与助跑阶段末期相关的生物力学参数（较高的Spd [即距跳箱10至5米之间的速度]、SL（最后一步调整）、SL（步长变化）、t（接触时间））与所有受伤的较高比例显著相关。比赛日的撑杆跳生物力学模式与所有受伤史的较高比例相关。尽管受伤数据收集是回顾性的，存在回忆偏差风险，且无法确定生物力学模式与受伤发生之间的因果关系，但本研究首次分析了撑杆跳生物力学模式与受伤发生之间的潜在关联，这对于提供假设/思路以设计未来研究并推进预防措施具有很大帮助。
