顶级国际田径锦标赛中男女运动员受伤的性别差异：2007 年至 2014 年 14 项锦标赛的监测数据。
Sex differences in injury during top-level international athletics championships: surveillance data from 14 championships between 2007 and 2014.
机构信息
Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (LPE EA 4338), University of Lyon, Saint Etienne, France Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France.
FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Br J Sports Med. 2015 Apr;49(7):472-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094316. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
BACKGROUND
Injury incidence has been reported for international athletics championships from 2007 to 2012. However, it is unclear whether male or female athletes differ in risk and/or characteristics of injuries.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the incidences and characteristics of injuries that occurred during international athletics championships between female and male athletes.
METHODS
The national medical team and the local organising committee physicians reported all injuries daily on a standardised injury report form during 14 international championships from 2007 to 2014. Relative risks (RR) of injury, 95% CI and magnitude thresholds were calculated.
RESULTS
The rate of injuries per 1000 registered athletes was significantly higher in male (110.3±6.8) than in female (88.5±6.7) athletes (RR=1.25; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.37, small effect size). Male athletes incurred significantly more injuries in the thigh (RR=1.64; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.05, small), lower leg (RR=1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.75, small) and hip/groin injuries (RR=2.26; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.88, moderate), more muscle strains (RR=1.64; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.04, small), cramps (RR=1.81; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.43, small), and especially more thigh strains (RR=1.66; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.19, small), but fewer stress fractures (RR=0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.81, moderate) than female athletes. A higher injury risk of male than of female athletes was observed in sprints (RR=1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.66, small), middle distance runs (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.06, small), race walks (RR=2.55; 95% CI 1.27 to 5.10, moderate) and jumps (RR=2.13; 95% CI 1.53 to 2.97, moderate). No sex difference was found for cause and severity of injury.
CONCLUSIONS
Injury risk during international athletics championships differed between female and male athletes for location, type and event groups. Injury prevention strategies should be sex-specific, regarding the differences in injury location and type.
背景
自 2007 年至 2012 年，已有国际田径锦标赛的损伤发生率报告。然而，男女运动员在受伤风险和/或受伤特征方面是否存在差异尚不清楚。
目的
比较国际田径锦标赛中男女运动员的损伤发生率和特征。
方法
在 2007 年至 2014 年的 14 项国际锦标赛期间，国家医疗队和当地组委会医生每天都在标准化损伤报告表上报告所有损伤。计算了损伤的相对风险（RR）、95%置信区间和幅度阈值。
结果
男性（110.3±6.8）运动员的损伤发生率明显高于女性（88.5±6.7）运动员（RR=1.25；95%置信区间 1.13 至 1.37，小效应量）。男性运动员在大腿（RR=1.64；95%置信区间 1.32 至 2.05，小）、小腿（RR=1.36；95%置信区间 1.05 至 1.75，小）和髋/腹股沟（RR=2.26；95%置信区间 1.31 至 3.88，中）、肌肉拉伤（RR=1.64；95%置信区间 1.33 至 2.04，小）、抽筋（RR=1.81；95%置信区间 1.35 至 2.43，小）的损伤发生率明显更高，而肌肉拉伤（RR=1.66；95%置信区间 1.25 至 2.19，小）、应力性骨折（RR=0.32；95%置信区间 0.12 至 0.81，中）的损伤发生率明显更低。与女性运动员相比，男性运动员在短跑（RR=1.32；95%置信区间 1.06 至 1.66，小）、中长跑（RR=1.48；95%置信区间 1.06 至 2.06，小）、竞走（RR=2.55；95%置信区间 1.27 至 5.10，中）和跳跃（RR=2.13；95%置信区间 1.53 至 2.97，中）项目中受伤风险更高。男女运动员的损伤原因和严重程度没有差异。
结论
在国际田径锦标赛中，男女运动员在受伤部位、类型和项目组别方面的受伤风险存在差异。应根据受伤部位和类型的差异，制定有针对性的性别特异性预防策略。
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