Hulme Adam, McLean Scott, Read Gemma J M, Dallat Clare, Bedford Anthony, Salmon Paul M
Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2019 Nov 4;1:56. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00056. eCollection 2019.
There is increasing interest in the adoption of a complex systems thinking approach when attempting to understand and optimize sports performance. Despite this, few studies have attempted to model elite sports organizations. The aim of this study was to use methods from the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework to develop a model of an elite netball organization and identify wider organizational functions and constraints influencing performance. Two phases of CWA were used: (i) Work Domain Analysis (WDA); and, (ii) Social Organization and Co-operation Analysis (SOCA). A WDA model of the elite netball organization was developed via subject matter expert (SME) workshops, and a SOCA was undertaken to identify the different functions, roles, and responsibilities of key actors within the organization. The findings identify various factors that influence performance. Functions that appear to provide a competitive edge are discussed, including a strong club ethos, a shared responsibility for performance, and a focus on player and staff health and well-being. Factors that potentially have a negative impact on performance include organizational priorities not related to playing netball, and additional coach and athlete roles beyond coaching, training, and playing. The implications for understanding and optimizing elite sports organizations are discussed.
在试图理解和优化运动表现时，采用复杂系统思维方法的兴趣与日俱增。尽管如此，很少有研究尝试对精英体育组织进行建模。本研究的目的是运用认知工作分析（CWA）框架中的方法，开发一个精英无挡板篮球组织的模型，并确定影响表现的更广泛的组织功能和制约因素。使用了CWA的两个阶段：（i）工作领域分析（WDA）；以及（ii）社会组织与合作分析（SOCA）。通过主题专家（SME）研讨会开发了精英无挡板篮球组织的WDA模型，并进行了SOCA以确定组织内关键行为者的不同功能、角色和职责。研究结果确定了影响表现的各种因素。讨论了似乎能提供竞争优势的功能，包括强大的俱乐部精神、对表现的共同责任以及对球员和工作人员健康与福祉的关注。可能对表现产生负面影响的因素包括与无挡板篮球比赛无关的组织优先事项，以及教练和运动员在教练、训练和比赛之外的额外角色。讨论了对理解和优化精英体育组织的启示。
