Australian Centre for Research Into Injury in Sports and Its Prevention (ACRISP), Faculty of Health Science and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, Australia.
Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Nov;65:345-354. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.07.005. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
There is a need for an ecological and complex systems approach for better understanding the development and prevention of running-related injury (RRI). In a previous article, we proposed a prototype model of the Australian recreational distance running system which was based on the Systems Theoretic Accident Mapping and Processes (STAMP) method. That model included the influence of political, organisational, managerial, and sociocultural determinants alongside individual-level factors in relation to RRI development. The purpose of this study was to validate that prototype model by drawing on the expertise of both systems thinking and distance running experts.
This study used a modified Delphi technique involving a series of online surveys (December 2016- March 2017). The initial survey was divided into four sections containing a total of seven questions pertaining to different features associated with the prototype model. Consensus in opinion about the validity of the prototype model was reached when the number of experts who agreed or disagreed with survey statement was ≥75% of the total number of respondents.
A total of two Delphi rounds was needed to validate the prototype model. Out of a total of 51 experts who were initially contacted, 50.9% (n = 26) completed the first round of the Delphi, and 92.3% (n = 24) of those in the first round participated in the second. Most of the 24 full participants considered themselves to be a running expert (66.7%), and approximately a third indicated their expertise as a systems thinker (33.3%). After the second round, 91.7% of the experts agreed that the prototype model was a valid description of the Australian distance running system.
This is the first study to formally examine the development and prevention of RRI from an ecological and complex systems perspective. The validated model of the Australian distance running system facilitates theoretical advancement in terms of identifying practical system-wide opportunities for the implementation of sustainable RRI prevention interventions. This 'big picture' perspective represents the first step required when thinking about the range of contributory causal factors that affect other system elements, as well as runners' behaviours in relation to RRI risk.
为了更好地理解跑步相关损伤（RRI）的发展和预防，我们需要采用生态和复杂系统方法。在之前的一篇文章中，我们提出了一个基于系统理论事故映射和过程（STAMP）方法的澳大利亚休闲长跑系统原型模型。该模型包含了政治、组织、管理和社会文化决定因素以及个体因素对 RRI 发展的影响。本研究旨在通过借鉴系统思维和长跑专家的专业知识来验证该原型模型。
本研究采用了一种改良的 Delphi 技术，包括一系列在线调查（2016 年 12 月至 2017 年 3 月）。初始调查分为四部分，共包含七个与原型模型相关的不同特征的问题。当同意或不同意调查陈述的专家人数达到总受访者人数的 75%或以上时，即达成对原型模型有效性的共识。
验证原型模型共需要两轮 Delphi 调查。在最初联系的 51 位专家中，有 50.9%（n=26）完成了第一轮 Delphi 调查，其中 92.3%（n=24）的人参加了第二轮。在 24 名完整参与者中，大多数人认为自己是长跑专家（66.7%），大约三分之一的人表示自己是系统思考者（33.3%）。第二轮后，91.7%的专家同意原型模型是对澳大利亚长跑系统的有效描述。
这是第一项从生态和复杂系统角度正式研究 RRI 的发展和预防的研究。验证后的澳大利亚长跑系统模型有利于从理论上确定实施可持续 RRI 预防干预的系统范围内的实际机会。这种“全景”视角是思考影响其他系统要素以及跑步者与 RRI 风险相关行为的一系列促成因果因素时所需的第一步。
