Jordan Matthew J, Morris Nathaniel, Lane Mike, Barnert Jeremiah, MacGregor Katie, Heard Mark, Robinson Sarah, Herzog Walter
Canadian Sport Institute Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Mar 3;2:12. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00012. eCollection 2020.
Alpine ski racing is an extreme sport and ski racers are at high risk for ACL injury. ACL injury impairs neuromuscular function and psychological readiness putting alpine skiers with ACL injury at high risk for ACL reinjury. Consequently, return to sport training and testing protocols are recommended to safeguard ACL injured athletes against reinjury. The aim of this paper was to present a real-world example of a return to sport training plan for a female elite alpine ski racer who sustained an ACL injury that was supported by an interdisciplinary performance team (IPT) alongside neuromuscular testing and athlete monitoring. A multi-faceted return to sport training plan was developed by the IPT shortly after the injury event that accounted for the logistics, healing, psychological readiness, functional milestones, work capacity and progression to support the return to sport/return to performance transition. Neuromuscular testing was conducted at several timepoints post-injury. Importantly, numerous pre-injury tests provided a baseline for comparison throughout the recovery process. Movement competencies and neuromuscular function were assessed, including an evaluation of muscle properties (e.g., the force-velocity and force-length relationships) to assist the IPT in pinpointing trainable deficits and managing the complexities of the return to sport transition. While the athlete returned to snow 7 months post-injury, presenting with interlimb asymmetries below 10%, functional and strength deficits persisted up to 18 months post-injury. More research is required to establish a valid return to sport protocol for alpine ski racers with ACL injury to safeguard against the high risk for ACL reinjury.
高山滑雪比赛是一项极限运动，滑雪运动员前交叉韧带损伤的风险很高。前交叉韧带损伤会损害神经肌肉功能和心理准备状态，使前交叉韧带损伤的高山滑雪运动员再次受伤的风险很高。因此，建议采用重返运动训练和测试方案，以保护前交叉韧带损伤的运动员避免再次受伤。本文的目的是展示一个现实世界中的例子，即一名女性精英高山滑雪运动员前交叉韧带损伤后重返运动训练计划，该计划由一个跨学科表现团队（IPT）支持，并进行神经肌肉测试和运动员监测。在受伤事件发生后不久，IPT制定了一个多方面的重返运动训练计划，该计划考虑了后勤、康复、心理准备、功能里程碑、工作能力和进展情况，以支持重返运动/恢复表现的过渡。在受伤后的几个时间点进行了神经肌肉测试。重要的是，大量的伤前测试为整个恢复过程提供了比较基线。评估了运动能力和神经肌肉功能，包括对肌肉特性（如力-速度和力-长度关系）的评估，以帮助IPT确定可训练的缺陷，并管理重返运动过渡的复杂性。虽然该运动员在受伤7个月后重返雪地，双下肢不对称低于10%，但功能和力量缺陷在受伤后18个月仍持续存在。需要更多的研究来为前交叉韧带损伤的高山滑雪运动员建立一个有效的重返运动方案，以防范前交叉韧带再次受伤的高风险。
