Girard Olivier, Brocherie Franck, Goods Paul S R, Millet Gregoire P
School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, EA 7370, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Mar 31;2:26. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00026. eCollection 2020.
With minimal costs and travel constraints for athletes, the "living low-training high" (LLTH) approach is becoming an important intervention for modern sport. The popularity of the LLTH model of altitude training is also associated with the fact that it only causes a slight disturbance to athletes' usual daily routine, allowing them to maintain their regular lifestyle in their home environment. In this perspective article, we discuss the evolving boundaries of the LLTH paradigm and its practical applications for athletes. Passive modalities include intermittent hypoxic exposure at rest (IHE) and Ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Active modalities use either local [blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise] and/or systemic hypoxia [continuous low-intensity training in hypoxia (CHT), interval hypoxic training (IHT), repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH), sprint interval training in hypoxia (SIH) and resistance training in hypoxia (RTH)]. A combination of hypoxic methods targeting different attributes also represents an attractive solution. In conclusion, a growing number of LLTH altitude training methods exists that include the application of systemic and local hypoxia stimuli, or a combination of both, for performance enhancement in many disciplines.
由于对运动员来说成本最低且旅行限制最少，“低住高练”（LLTH）方法正成为现代体育的一项重要干预措施。LLTH高原训练模式的流行还与这样一个事实有关，即它只会对运动员的日常惯例造成轻微干扰，使他们能够在自己家中的环境中保持正常的生活方式。在这篇观点文章中，我们讨论了LLTH范式不断演变的边界及其对运动员的实际应用。被动模式包括静息时的间歇性低氧暴露（IHE）和缺血预处理（IPC）。主动模式使用局部[血流限制（BFR）训练]和/或全身性低氧[低氧环境下的持续低强度训练（CHT）、间歇性低氧训练（IHT）、低氧环境下的重复冲刺训练（RSH）、低氧环境下的冲刺间歇训练（SIH）以及低氧环境下的阻力训练（RTH）]。针对不同属性的低氧方法组合也代表了一种有吸引力的解决方案。总之，存在越来越多的LLTH高原训练方法，包括应用全身性和局部低氧刺激，或两者结合，以提高许多项目的成绩。
