Kishita Yuki, Ueda Hiroshi, Kashino Makio
Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Kanagawa, Japan.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Jun 26;2:64. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00064. eCollection 2020.
We investigated the visuomotor strategies of baseball batting, in particular, the relationship between eye and body (head and hip) movements during batting for a wide range of ball speeds. Nine college baseball players participated in the experiment and hit balls projected by a pitching machine operating at four different ball speeds (80, 100, 120, 140 km/h). Eye movements were measured with a wearable eye tracker, and body movements were measured with an optical motion capture system. In the early period of the ball's flight, batters foveated the ball with overshooting head movements in the direction of the ball's flight while compensating for the overshooting head movements with eye movements for the two slower ball speeds (80 and 100 km/h) and only head rotations for the two faster ball speeds (120 and 140 km/h). After that, batters made a predictive saccade and a quick head rotation to the future ball position before the angular velocity of the ball drastically increased. We also found that regardless of the ball speed, the onsets of the predictive saccade and the quick head movement were temporally aligned with the bat-ball contact and rotation of the hip (swing motion), but were not correlated with the elapsed time from the ball's release or the ball's location. These results indicate that the gaze movements in baseball batting are not solely driven by external visual information (ball position or velocity) but are determined in relation to other body movements.
我们研究了棒球击球的视觉运动策略，特别是在不同球速下击球过程中眼睛与身体（头部和臀部）运动之间的关系。九名大学棒球运动员参与了该实验，击打由投球机以四种不同球速（80、100、120、140公里/小时）投出的球。使用可穿戴式眼动仪测量眼睛运动，使用光学动作捕捉系统测量身体运动。在球飞行的早期阶段，对于两种较慢的球速（80和100公里/小时），击球手在球飞行方向上通过头部过冲运动注视球，同时用眼睛运动补偿头部过冲运动；对于两种较快的球速（120和140公里/小时），则仅通过头部旋转注视球。之后，在球的角速度急剧增加之前，击球手会向未来的球位置进行预测性扫视和快速头部旋转。我们还发现，无论球速如何，预测性扫视和快速头部运动的起始时间在时间上与击球和臀部旋转（挥杆动作）对齐，但与球释放后的时间或球的位置无关。这些结果表明，棒球击球中的注视运动并非仅由外部视觉信息（球的位置或速度）驱动，而是与其他身体运动相关联而确定。
