Oliveira Rafael, Martins Alexandre, Nobari Hadi, Nalha Matilde, Mendes Bruno, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Brito João Paulo
Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.
Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Oct 12;13(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00356-3.
The interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify within- micro and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR) according to playing positions in an elite soccer team.
Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided four central defenders (CD), three wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), three wide midfielders (WM) and three strikers (ST). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015-2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1-10).
The main results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for TMs-RPE between CD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2; between CD vs. CM (moderate effect) for TS of s-RPE; between CD vs. ST moderate effect) in M6 for ACWR of s-RPE. In addition, there was significant difference between CM vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2 for TS of TD; between WD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M3 for ACWR of TD. Moreover, there were significant differences for TM of HSR between CD vs. WD (very large effect); CD vs. WD (moderate effect) in M4 for TS of HSR.
The present study presents new insights to coaches and technical staff about the variation profiling of TM, TS, and ACWR calculated with internal and external load measures, between player positions during 10 mesocycles.
在一个时期内解读负荷变化对于控制每周的负荷进展或变化，或识别微观和中周期内的变化似乎很重要。因此，本研究的目的是通过主观用力程度分级（s-RPE）、总距离和高速奔跑（HSR），描述一支精英足球队中不同位置球员在赛季中的训练单调性、训练负荷和急性：慢性工作量比值（ACWR）的变化情况。
来自一支欧洲顶级联赛球队的17名职业球员参与了本研究。他们被分为四名中后卫（CD）、三名边后卫（WD）、四名中场球员（CM）、三名边锋（WM）和三名前锋（ST）。在为期41周的比赛期间，对球员进行每日监测，在2015 - 2016赛季共进行了52场比赛。通过收集s-RPE、总距离和HSR数据，分别计算出每项指标的训练单调性、训练负荷和ACWR。数据在十个中周期（M：1 - 10）内进行分析。
主要结果显示，在M2中，CD与ST之间的s-RPE训练单调性（TMs-RPE）存在显著差异（p < 0.05）（中等效应）；在s-RPE训练负荷（TS）方面，CD与CM之间存在显著差异（中等效应）；在M6中，CD与ST之间的s-RPE的ACWR存在显著差异（中等效应）。此外，在M2中，CM与ST之间的总距离（TD）训练负荷存在显著差异（中等效应）；在M3中，WD与ST之间的TD的ACWR存在显著差异（中等效应）。而且，在HSR训练单调性方面，CD与WD之间存在显著差异（非常大的效应）；在M4中，CD与WD之间的HSR训练负荷存在显著差异（中等效应）。
本研究为教练和技术人员提供了新的见解，即关于在10个中周期内，通过内部和外部负荷指标计算得出的TMs、TS和ACWR在不同球员位置间的变化情况。
