Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Jan;1875(1):188494. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188494. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Bacteria present in probiotics, particularly the common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microbes, have been found to induce anti-cancer action by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis and protecting against oxidative stress. Probiotics supplements also decrease the cancer-producing microorganism Fusobacterium. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota modifies the effect of chemo/radiation therapy. Gut microbes not only enhance the action of chemotherapy drugs but also reduce the side effects of these medications. Additionally, gut microbes reduce immunotherapy toxicity, in particular, the presence of Bacteroidetes or Bifidobacterium decreases the development of colitis by ipilimumab therapy. Probiotics supplements containing Bifidobacterium also reduce chemotherapy-induced mucositis and radiation-induced diarrhea. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism behind the anti-cancer action of Bifidobacterium species. Available studies have revealed Bifidobacterium species decrease cancer cell proliferation via the inhibition of growth factor signaling as well as inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Bifidobacterium species reduce the adverse effects of chemo/immuno/radiation therapy by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Further clinical studies are needed to identify the powerful and suitable Bifidobacterium strain for the development of adjuvant therapy to support chemo/immuno/radiation therapy.
益生菌中存在的细菌，特别是常见的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌微生物，已被发现通过增强癌细胞凋亡和防止氧化应激来诱导抗癌作用。益生菌补充剂还可以减少致癌微生物福氏梭杆菌。研究表明，肠道微生物群可以改变化疗/放疗的效果。肠道微生物不仅增强了化疗药物的作用，而且还减少了这些药物的副作用。此外，肠道微生物还降低了免疫疗法的毒性，特别是拟杆菌门或双歧杆菌的存在可以减少 ipilimumab 治疗引起的结肠炎的发生。含有双歧杆菌的益生菌补充剂还可以减少化疗引起的黏膜炎和放疗引起的腹泻。本综述重点阐述了双歧杆菌属发挥抗癌作用的机制。现有研究表明，双歧杆菌属通过抑制生长因子信号以及诱导线粒体介导的细胞凋亡来抑制癌细胞增殖。此外，双歧杆菌属通过抑制促炎细胞因子来减少化疗/免疫/放疗的不良反应。需要进一步的临床研究来确定强大和合适的双歧杆菌菌株，以开发辅助治疗，以支持化疗/免疫/放疗。
