a Department of Health and Nutrition , Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
b Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Jul 24;57(11):2296-2309. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.934438.
The characterization of gut microbiota has become an important area of research in several clinical conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota can contribute to human health. Thus, this review discusses the effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on metabolic control in these individuals. Relevant studies were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline and ISI Web of Science. The main probiotics used in these studies belonged to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The authors found seven randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials and 13 experimental studies directly related to the effect of probiotics on metabolic control in the context of T2DM. The hypothesis that gut microbiota plays a role in the development of diabetes indicates an important beginning, and the potential of probiotics to prevent and reduce the severity of T2DM is better observed in animal studies. In clinical trials, the use of probiotics in glycemic control presented conflicting results, and only few studies have attempted to evaluate factors that justify metabolic changes, such as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and incretins. Thus, further research is needed to assess the effects of probiotics in the metabolism of diabetic individuals, as well as the main mechanisms involved in this complex relationship.
肠道微生物组的特征已成为包括 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）在内的多种临床情况下的重要研究领域。肠道微生物组的组成和/或代谢活性的变化可能有助于人类健康。因此，本综述讨论了益生菌和肠道微生物组对这些个体代谢控制的影响。相关研究从 PubMed/Medline 和 ISI Web of Science 等电子数据库中获得。这些研究中主要使用的益生菌属于乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属。作者发现了七项随机安慰剂对照临床试验和 13 项与益生菌对 T2DM 代谢控制影响直接相关的实验研究。肠道微生物组在糖尿病发展中起作用的假说表明了一个重要的开端，益生菌预防和减轻 T2DM 严重程度的潜力在动物研究中得到了更好的观察。在临床试验中，益生菌在血糖控制中的应用结果存在争议，只有少数研究试图评估可解释代谢变化的因素，如氧化应激、炎症和肠降血糖素标志物。因此，需要进一步研究来评估益生菌对糖尿病个体代谢的影响，以及涉及这种复杂关系的主要机制。
