Competence Center for Social Medicine and Occupational Health Promotion, Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Mar;15(3):466-75. doi: 10.1017/S136898001100200X. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
To assess the short-term impact of a nutritional intervention aimed at reducing childhood overweight in German pre-school children.
Using a cluster-randomized study design with waiting-list controls, we tested a 6-month intervention administered once weekly by a nutrition expert consisting of joint meal preparation and activities for children and parents such as tasting and preparing nutritious, fresh foods. At baseline, 6 and 12 months, a parent-completed questionnaire assessed fruit and vegetable intakes (primary outcomes) and water and sugared drinks consumption (secondary outcomes). Direct measurement assessed BMI, skinfold thickness and waist-to-height-ratio. An intention-to-treat analysis used random-effects panel regression models to assess the intervention effect, adjusted for each child's age, gender, immigrant background and maternal education.
Eighteen pre-schools from three south German regions.
Healthy children aged 3-6 years.
Three hundred and seventy-seven (80 %) eligible pre-school children participated in the study. Of these, 348 provided sufficient data for analysis. The sample mean age was 4·26 (sd 0·78) years; the majority (53·2 %) were boys. Children's fruit and vegetable intakes increased significantly (P < 0·001 and P < 0·05, respectively); no significant changes in the consumption of water, sugared drinks or anthropometric measurements were noted.
Nutritional interventions in pre-schools have the potential to change eating behaviours in young children, which in the long term might reduce risk for developing overweight.
评估一项针对德国学龄前儿童超重问题的营养干预措施的短期影响。
采用整群随机对照研究设计，设立对照组，每周由营养专家开展一次干预，内容包括儿童和家长共同准备膳食以及品尝和制作营养、新鲜食物等活动。在基线、6 个月和 12 个月时，通过家长完成的问卷评估水果和蔬菜摄入量（主要结果）以及水和含糖饮料摄入量（次要结果）。直接测量评估 BMI、皮褶厚度和腰高比。采用意向治疗分析，使用随机效应面板回归模型，根据每个孩子的年龄、性别、移民背景和母亲教育情况，调整干预效果。
德国南部三个地区的 18 所幼儿园。
年龄 3-6 岁的健康儿童。
共有 377 名（80%）符合条件的学龄前儿童参加了研究。其中，348 名儿童提供了足够的数据分析。样本的平均年龄为 4.26 岁（标准差 0.78 岁）；大多数（53.2%）是男孩。儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量显著增加（P<0.001 和 P<0.05）；水、含糖饮料或人体测量指标的消耗量没有显著变化。
幼儿园的营养干预措施有可能改变幼儿的饮食习惯，从长远来看，可能降低超重的风险。
