儿童发展研究基金会（Head Start）儿童（3-5 岁）皮肤胡萝卜素状况随时间的变化以及与年龄和性别的差异。
Skin Carotenoid Status Over Time and Differences by Age and Sex Among Head Start Children (3-5 Years).
机构信息
Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
出版信息
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2021 Feb;53(2):103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.10.019. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
OBJECTIVE
Examine differences in skin carotenoid status (SCS) based on time, age, and sex of preschool-aged children enrolled in Head Start (HS) in North Carolina.
DESIGN
Data were collected using surveys from participating families. preschool-aged children's SCS were measured 3 times over a 6-month period.
SETTING
Three HS centers in North Carolina.
PARTICIPANTS
One hundred twelve children aged 3-5 years, enrolled in HS.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Differences in SCS assessed using the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link, Salt Lake City, UT) based on time, sex, and age.
ANALYSIS
One-way ANOVA to assess SCS at time 1 between sex and age (n = 112). Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction for assessment of SCS over time (n = 45) using Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
On average, children were aged 4 years, African American (81.3%), male (57%), and had a mean SCS of 266 (SD = 82.9). Skin carotenoid status (Veggie Meter units) were significantly different over time (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed between ages (P = 0.01) and sex (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The Veggie Meter is a promising tool to assess fruit and vegetable intake but needs to be validated in preschool-aged children as it has been in adults. Sex and age are potential confounders which should be assessed in future studies using the Veggie Meter.
目的
检查北卡罗来纳州参与“头等大事”（Head Start，HS）的学龄前儿童的皮肤类胡萝卜素状况（SCS）在时间、年龄和性别方面的差异。
设计
使用参与家庭的调查收集数据。在 6 个月的时间内，对学龄前儿童的 SCS 进行了 3 次测量。
地点
北卡罗来纳州的 3 个 HS 中心。
参与者
112 名年龄在 3 至 5 岁之间的 HS 儿童。
主要观察指标
使用 Veggie Meter（犹他州盐湖城的长寿链接）评估的 SCS 在时间、性别和年龄方面的差异。
分析
采用单因素方差分析评估性别和年龄在时间 1 时的 SCS（n=112）。采用重复测量方差分析，并采用 Greenhouse-Geisser 校正对 45 名儿童进行了历时 45 天的 SCS 评估（n=45），并采用 Bonferroni 校正。
结果
儿童平均年龄为 4 岁，非洲裔美国人（81.3%），男性（57%），SCS 平均为 266（SD=82.9）。皮肤类胡萝卜素状况（Veggie Meter 单位）随时间显著不同（P <0.001）。年龄（P=0.01）和性别（P <0.01）之间存在显著差异。
结论和意义
Veggie Meter 是评估水果和蔬菜摄入量的有前途的工具，但需要在学龄前儿童中进行验证，因为它已经在成年人中得到了验证。性别和年龄是潜在的混杂因素，在未来使用 Veggie Meter 进行研究时应加以评估。
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