Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Adv Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;11(5):1282-1299. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa054.
Carotenoids are a category of health-promoting phytonutrients that are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have been used as a biomarker to approximate dietary fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake. Carotenoids are consumed, metabolized, and deposited in blood, skin, and other tissues. Emerging evidence suggests spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement is a noninvasive method to approximate F/V intake. Spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement overcomes bias and error inherent in self-reported dietary recall methods, and the challenges in obtaining, storing, and processing invasive blood samples. The objective of this systematic review was to examine criterion-related validity of spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement as a proxy for F/V intake. The 3 methods examined were resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS), and spectrophotometers. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was performed in December 2018, yielding 7931 citations. Studies that examined associations between spectroscopy, blood carotenoids, and/or dietary intake were identified and reviewed independently by ≥2 reviewers to determine eligibility for inclusion. Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and all 29 studies found significant correlations or associations between spectroscopy-based skin carotenoids and plasma or serum carotenoids and/or dietary F/V intake. A majority of the studies evaluated carotenoid concentration in adults; however, 4 studies were conducted in infants and 6 studies evaluated children. Twenty studies specified the racial/ethnic groups from which the samples were drawn, with 6 including ≥20% of the sample from a minority, nonwhite population. The findings of this systematic review support the use of spectroscopy for estimating F/V intake in diverse human populations, although additional validation is needed, particularly among racially/ethnically diverse populations and populations of varying ages.
类胡萝卜素是一类有益于健康的植物营养素，存在于各种水果和蔬菜中，并且被用作估计饮食中水果和蔬菜（F/V）摄入量的生物标志物。类胡萝卜素被消耗、代谢和沉积在血液、皮肤和其他组织中。新出现的证据表明，基于光谱的皮肤类胡萝卜素测量是一种非侵入性方法，可以近似估计 F/V 摄入量。基于光谱的皮肤类胡萝卜素测量克服了自我报告的饮食回忆方法固有的偏差和误差，以及获得、储存和处理侵入性血液样本的挑战。本系统评价的目的是检查基于光谱的皮肤类胡萝卜素测量作为 F/V 摄入量替代物的标准相关有效性。所检查的 3 种方法是共振拉曼光谱（RRS）、压力介导反射光谱（RS）和分光光度计。2018 年 12 月，对 PubMed、Excerpta Medica Database（Embase）、Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）、ProQuest、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 和 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）进行了全面的文献检索，共产生了 7931 条引文。确定了检查光谱学、血液类胡萝卜素和/或饮食摄入之间关联的研究，并由≥2 名评审员独立审查以确定是否符合纳入标准。有 29 篇文章符合纳入标准，所有 29 项研究都发现基于光谱的皮肤类胡萝卜素与血浆或血清类胡萝卜素和/或饮食 F/V 摄入量之间存在显著相关性或关联。大多数研究评估了成年人的类胡萝卜素浓度；然而，有 4 项研究在婴儿中进行，6 项研究评估了儿童。有 20 项研究具体说明了样本来自的种族/民族群体，其中 6 项研究包括≥20%的样本来自少数民族、非白人群体。本系统评价的结果支持在不同人群中使用光谱法估计 F/V 摄入量，尽管需要进一步验证，特别是在种族/民族多样化的人群和不同年龄的人群中。
