Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2021 Jan;16(1):37-46. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-00810-2. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
Induced tolerogenic dendritic cells are a powerful immunotherapy for autoimmune disease that have shown promise in laboratory models of disease and early clinical trials. In contrast to conventional immunosuppressive treatments, tolerogenic immunotherapy leverages the cells and function of the immune system to quell the autoreactive lymphocytes responsible for damage and disease. The principle techniques of isolating and reprogramming dendritic cells (DCs), central to this approach, are well characterized. However, the broader application of this technology is limited by its high cost and bespoke nature. Nanomedicine offers an alternative route by performing this reprogramming process in situ. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities in using nanoparticles as a delivery mechanism to target DCs and induce immunomodulation, emphasizing their versatility. We then highlight their potential to solve critical problems in organ transplantation and increasingly prevalent autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, where new immunotherapy approaches have begun to show promise.
诱导性耐受树突状细胞是一种强大的自身免疫性疾病免疫疗法，在疾病的实验室模型和早期临床试验中显示出前景。与传统的免疫抑制治疗不同，耐受免疫疗法利用免疫系统的细胞和功能来抑制负责损伤和疾病的自身反应性淋巴细胞。分离和重编程树突状细胞（DC）的主要技术是这种方法的核心，这些技术已经得到很好的描述。然而，由于成本高和定制性质，该技术的广泛应用受到限制。纳米医学提供了一种替代途径，通过在原位进行这种重编程过程。在这里，我们回顾了使用纳米粒子作为递送机制靶向 DC 并诱导免疫调节的挑战和机遇，强调了它们的多功能性。然后，我们强调了它们在解决器官移植和日益流行的自身免疫性疾病（如 1 型糖尿病和多发性硬化症）中的关键问题方面的潜力，在这些疾病中，新的免疫疗法方法已经开始显示出前景。
