Yue Youfeng, Moriyama Akihiro, Mita Marie, Yu Yue
Core Electronics Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
Chempluschem. 2025 Jul;90(7):e202400783. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202400783. Epub 2025 May 4.
In recent years, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much attention due to their extensive applications in fields such as biomedicine, electronics, catalysis, and environmental science. However, traditional chemical methods for AuNPs synthesis present certain challenges, such as the use of harsh chemicals and high energy consumption. These limitations have led to the development of alternative, sustainable synthesis methods that are efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. These methods focus on the principle of green chemistry, utilizing renewable biomass sources (e.g., plant tissues, bacteria, fungi, and algae) and nontoxic solvents to minimize environmental impact. Biomolecules derived from biomass, such as polyphenols, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids, enable the synthesis of AuNPs under mild and eco-friendly conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the sustainable synthesis and applications of AuNPs. It summarizes the specific active compounds that drive the reduction and stabilization of AuNPs. It also explores the characterization techniques and underlying mechanisms involved in synthesis. Furthermore, their cellular effects and long-term safety are discussed, along with their extensive applications in biomedical fields, including bioimaging and cancer therapies. Finally, the potential of AuNPs is summarized, highlighting future perspectives as well as emerging opportunities and challenges in biological applications.
近年来，金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）因其在生物医学、电子、催化和环境科学等领域的广泛应用而备受关注。然而，传统的AuNPs化学合成方法存在一定挑战，如使用苛刻的化学试剂和高能耗。这些局限性促使人们开发替代的、可持续的合成方法，这些方法高效、经济且环保。这些方法遵循绿色化学原则，利用可再生生物质资源（如植物组织、细菌、真菌和藻类）和无毒溶剂，以尽量减少对环境的影响。源自生物质的生物分子，如多酚、蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸，能够在温和且环保的条件下合成AuNPs。本综述全面概述了AuNPs可持续合成及应用的最新进展。总结了驱动AuNPs还原和稳定的特定活性化合物。还探讨了合成过程中涉及的表征技术和潜在机制。此外，讨论了它们的细胞效应和长期安全性，以及它们在生物医学领域的广泛应用，包括生物成像和癌症治疗。最后，总结了AuNPs 的潜力，突出了其在生物应用中的未来前景以及新出现的机遇和挑战。
