Laboratório de Parasitologia, Campus Centro Oeste, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Neglected Infectious Diseases Program, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington DC, USA.
Int Health. 2020 Dec 22;13(Suppl 1):S33-S38. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa048.
In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.
在南美洲和中美洲，淋巴丝虫病（LF）由班氏吴策线虫引起，由库蚊属的 4 种按蚊传播，这是该地区唯一的传播媒介。在过去十年中，被认为是美洲淋巴丝虫病流行的七个国家中，哥斯达黎加、苏里南和特立尼达和多巴哥于 2011 年从世界卫生组织的名单中删除。其余的国家，巴西、多米尼加共和国、圭亚那和海地，近年来取得了重要进展。巴西是美洲第一个停止大规模药物治疗（MDA）并建立 MDA 后监测的国家。多米尼加共和国在所有淋巴丝虫病流行的地方停止了 MDA：拉西亚尼加和西南部通过了第三次传播评估调查（TAS），东部焦点在 2018 年通过了 TAS-1。海地通过了 TAS 并中断了 80%以上流行社区的传播，实现了有效的药物覆盖率。圭亚那在 2017 年和 2018 年的 MDA 中实现了有效覆盖率，并在 2019 年扩大了对 100%地理区域的治疗，在 MDA 中引入伊维菌素，以实现到 2026 年消除淋巴丝虫病的目标。美洲地区正在努力消除淋巴丝虫病的传播。然而，应该努力改善发病率管理，以防止已经受影响人群的残疾。
