Rzymski Piotr, Klimaszyk Piotr
Dept. of Environmental Medicine, Poznan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
Dept. of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2018 Sep;17(5):1309-1324. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12374. Epub 2018 Jul 25.
There is no scientific consensus regarding the safety of the Yellow Knight mushroom Tricholoma equestre (L.) P.Kumm. Following reports of cases of intoxication involving effects such as rhabdomyolysis, and supportive observations from in vivo experimental models, T. equestre is considered as a poisonous mushroom in some countries while in others it is still widely collected from the wild and consumed every year. In this paper, we review all the available information on T. equestre including its morphological and molecular characterization, nutritional value, levels of contaminants observed in fruiting bodies, the possibility of mistake with species that are morphologically similar, and the in vivo data on safety and cases of human intoxication. Based on available data, it is suggested that T. equestre cannot be considered as a toxic species and does not appear to exhibit any greater health threat than other mushroom species currently considered as edible. More care should be taken when reporting cases of human poisoning to fully identify T. equestre as the causative agent and to exclude a number of interfering factors. Specific guidelines for reporting future cases of poisoning with T. equestre are outlined in this paper. Any future research involving T. equestre should present the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses.
关于黄骑士蘑菇（黄斑口蘑）的安全性，目前尚无科学共识。在有横纹肌溶解等中毒病例报告以及体内实验模型的支持性观察结果之后，黄斑口蘑在一些国家被视为有毒蘑菇，而在其他一些国家，它仍每年被大量从野外采集并食用。在本文中，我们回顾了关于黄斑口蘑的所有现有信息，包括其形态和分子特征、营养价值、子实体中观察到的污染物水平、与形态相似物种混淆的可能性，以及关于安全性的体内数据和人类中毒病例。基于现有数据，建议黄斑口蘑不能被视为有毒物种，并且与目前被视为可食用的其他蘑菇物种相比，它似乎不会对健康构成更大威胁。在报告人类中毒病例时应更加谨慎，以充分确定黄斑口蘑为致病因素，并排除一些干扰因素。本文概述了未来报告黄斑口蘑中毒病例的具体指南。任何涉及黄斑口蘑的未来研究都应呈现分子系统发育分析的结果。
