School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo Baiano, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil.
Nutr Rev. 2021 Aug 9;79(9):1067-1078. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa116.
Studies have indicated that homocysteine levels are nontraditional markers for cardiovascular disease. The onset of atherosclerotic disease begins in childhood and adolescence; thus, prevention of its risk factors should occur early.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the association between high homocysteine levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.
This systematic review and meta-analysis were developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the protocol was submitted to PROSPERO. Only observational studies in children and adolescents with homocysteine levels as an exposure variable and cardiovascular risk factors as outcome variables were included and searched in the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Ovid and Scopus.
Two authors independently extracted data from eligible studies. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Seven studies were included in the systematic review; they were published from 1999 to 2017, predominantly were of a cross-sectional design, and mainly evaluated adolescents. In the meta-analysis (n = 6), cross-sectional studies (n = 3) identified that high homocysteine levels were positive and weakly correlated with overweight in children and adolescents (odds ratio, 1.08; 95%CI, 1.04-1.11).
High homocysteine levels were weakly associated with overweight in children and adolescents in the reviewed cross-sectional studies. However, for the other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the findings, although important, were inconclusive. Additional robust longitudinal studies are recommended to be conducted to better identify these associations.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018086252.
研究表明，同型半胱氨酸水平是非传统的心血管疾病标志物。动脉粥样硬化疾病始于儿童和青少年时期；因此，应及早预防其危险因素。
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在总结高同型半胱氨酸水平与儿童和青少年传统心血管危险因素之间的关系。
本系统评价和荟萃分析根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目以及方案进行制定，并提交给 PROSPERO。仅纳入了儿童和青少年中同型半胱氨酸水平作为暴露变量和心血管危险因素作为结局变量的观察性研究，并在以下电子文献数据库中进行检索：PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science、Embase、拉丁美洲和加勒比健康科学文献、Ovid 和 Scopus。
两名作者独立从合格研究中提取数据。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究的方法学质量。
系统评价纳入了 7 项研究；这些研究发表于 1999 年至 2017 年，主要为横断面设计，主要评估了青少年。在荟萃分析（n=6）中，横断面研究（n=3）发现高同型半胱氨酸水平与儿童和青少年超重呈正相关且相关性较弱（比值比，1.08；95%CI，1.04-1.11）。
在纳入的横断面研究中，高同型半胱氨酸水平与儿童和青少年超重呈弱相关。然而，对于其他传统心血管危险因素，尽管结果很重要，但尚无定论。建议开展更多稳健的纵向研究，以更好地确定这些关联。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42018086252。
