Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.
Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 18;12(12):3886. doi: 10.3390/nu12123886.
Several recent experimental studies have investigated the effects of caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA), representative ingredients of coffee, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the results are conflicting, and their effects are yet to be clarified. In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeine and CGA on choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-fed mice, relatively new model mice of NASH. Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: Control diet (control), CDAHFD (CDAHFD), CDAHFD supplemented with 0.05% (/) caffeine (caffeine), and CDAHFD supplemented with 0.1% (/) CGA (CGA). After seven weeks, the mice were killed and serum biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group. On image analysis, the prevalence of Oil red O-positive areas (reflecting steatosis) was significantly higher in the caffeine group than in the CDAHFD group, and that of CD45R-positive areas (reflecting lymphocytic infiltration) in the hepatic lobule was significantly higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group. Hepatic expression of mRNA was higher in the caffeine and CGA groups than in the CDAHFD group, and the difference was statistically significant for the caffeine group. In conclusion, in the present study, caffeine and CGA significantly worsened the markers of liver cell injury, inflammation, and/or steatosis in NASH lesions in mice.
几项最近的实验研究调查了咖啡因和绿原酸（CGA）的作用，这两种物质是咖啡的代表性成分，对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）/非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）的影响。然而，结果相互矛盾，其影响尚待阐明。在本研究中，我们检查了咖啡因和 CGA 对胆碱缺乏、L-氨基酸定义的高脂肪饮食（CDAHFD）喂养的小鼠的影响，这是 NASH 的新型模型小鼠。将 7 周龄雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠分为以下组：对照饮食（对照）、CDAHFD（CDAHFD）、补充 0.05%（/）咖啡因（咖啡因）的 CDAHFD 和补充 0.1%（/）CGA（CGA）的 CDAHFD。七周后，处死小鼠并进行血清生化、组织病理学和分子分析。咖啡因和 CGA 组的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平明显高于 CDAHFD 组。在图像分析中，咖啡因组的油红 O 阳性区域（反映脂肪变性）的发生率明显高于 CDAHFD 组，而肝小叶中的 CD45R 阳性区域（反映淋巴细胞浸润）的发生率在咖啡因和 CGA 组明显高于 CDAHFD 组。咖啡因和 CGA 组的肝组织 mRNA 表达高于 CDAHFD 组，且咖啡因组的差异具有统计学意义。综上所述，在本研究中，咖啡因和 CGA 显著加重了 NASH 病变小鼠肝细胞损伤、炎症和/或脂肪变性的标志物。
