Department of Health Studies, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2020 Nov 23;12(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2230.
Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status may be perceived as simply the process of revealing a person's HIV status, whether positive or negative. Despite the emerging evidence of the benefits of disclosure, who, when and what to disclose to a HIV-infected child remains a challenge.
This article reports on the patterns of HIV status disclosure to the infected children by their parents and caregivers.
The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of one referral hospital offering comprehensive HIV care in the Lubombo region, eSwatini.
A qualitative descriptive design was followed. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with a purposive sample of 13 parents and caregivers whose children were on antiretroviral treatment and collecting treatment from the specific outpatient clinic. Audio recorded data were transcribed verbatim, thematic content analysis was done and used to organise and present the findings.
Four themes that emerged in relation to the topic of patterns of disclosure were disclosure of HIV status as a process rather than an event, a proposed person to disclose the HIV status to the child, the appropriate age to disclose HIV status to a child and type and amount of information to give in relation to the HIV status. The proposed person to disclose the HIV status to the infected child was the parent or caregiver involved as the primary carer of the child. There was no agreeable appropriate age to disclose HIV status to an infected child and the type and amount of information to disclose varied with the individuals depending on what prompted disclosure.
Human immunodeficiency virus disclosure to children demands parents' and caregivers' participation and their knowledge of child development.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）状况的披露可能被视为仅仅是揭示一个人 HIV 状况的过程，无论是阳性还是阴性。尽管越来越多的证据表明披露的好处，但向 HIV 感染儿童披露的对象、时间和内容仍然是一个挑战。
本文报告了父母和照顾者向感染儿童披露 HIV 状况的模式。
这项研究是在斯威士兰卢邦博地区的一家转诊医院的门诊诊所进行的，该诊所提供全面的 HIV 护理。
采用定性描述设计。通过对 13 名父母和照顾者进行半结构式个体访谈，收集了数据，这些父母和照顾者的孩子正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗，并从特定的门诊诊所接受治疗。对录音数据进行逐字转录，进行主题内容分析，并用于组织和呈现研究结果。
与披露模式主题相关的四个主题是，HIV 状况的披露是一个过程而不是一个事件，建议向孩子披露 HIV 状况的人，向儿童披露 HIV 状况的适当年龄，以及与 HIV 状况相关的信息类型和数量。建议向感染儿童披露 HIV 状况的人是参与作为儿童主要照顾者的父母或照顾者。没有一个可接受的适当年龄向感染儿童披露 HIV 状况，披露的信息类型和数量因人而异，取决于促使披露的原因。
向儿童披露 HIV 需要父母和照顾者的参与以及他们对儿童发展的了解。
