National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Nutrition Education, Warsaw, Poland.
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food, Warsaw, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2020;71(4):383-391. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2020.0138.
The effects of a two-year educational Programme "Keep Balance" addressed to children and adolescents have been evaluated. Its purpose has been to implement the rules of proper nutrition and increasing the level of physical activity on the population level.
The main objective of the evaluation was an indication if, after two years of programme activities, outcome indicators have been achieved.
Approximately 400,000 pupils/students from 1600 educational units from the territory of the whole country have been included in the education programme. The efficiency evaluation has been carried out in a sample of n = 1506 pupils/students in the interventional group and n = 1589 in the control group. Education has been addressed to the entire school environment, pupils, students, parents, teachers, headmasters, and the local community. The survey methodology, body weight and height measurements, the BMI index, and EUROFIT physical fitness tests have been used to assess the effects of the education programme in the scope of knowledge and nutritional behaviour regarding physical activity. There were assumed outcome indicators. The certification of schools/kindergartens with "The Certificate of a School/Kindergarten Friendly to Nutrition and Physical Activity" has been used to evaluate the activation of school environments.
There was an improvement achieved over the assumed target points in the level of knowledge of pupils/students in the scope of nutrition and the role of physical activity, in the changes of nutritional habits, and in the results of physical fitness tests. There were achieved 20% increase in knowledge in the scope of nutrition and 5% increase in physical activity. There have been changes in the frequency in the consumption of the first breakfast before going to school (by 25% among the younger ones and by 17% among the older ones), an increase in the consumption of bottled water by 49% and reduction of sweet drinks by 19%. The percentage of the pupils/students consuming the recommended 5 meals increased by 33%. Physical fitness indicators were achieved over assumed 5% increase in the individual exercise tests. The Certificate was obtained after meeting the criteria and documenting the durability of the changes by 65% of 1600 educational units included in the Programme. A decrease in the frequency of overweight and obesity occurrence in the whole intervention sample by 1% was obtained; it was greater (but statistically insignificant) among younger students by 3.3% in comparison to the older ones where there was an increase of 1%.
Summing up all achieved results the educational programme "Keep Balance" implemented on the population level aimed at children and adolescents has turned out to be effective and deserves to be continued after minor adjustments. Many positive changes have been identified as well as those that ought to be improved. Comprehensively included education and sometimes small changes in much of nutritional and physical behaviour have influenced the reduction of the percentage of pupils/students with excessive body weight, despite the fact that the average BMI has basically remained on the same level.
对一项为期两年的儿童和青少年教育计划“保持平衡”的效果进行了评估。其目的是在人群层面上实施正确营养和增加身体活动水平的规则。
评估的主要目的是表明，在计划活动两年后，是否已经达到了结果指标。
来自全国 1600 个教育单位的大约 400,000 名学生/学生被纳入教育计划。在干预组的 n = 1506 名学生/学生和对照组的 n = 1589 名学生中进行了效率评估。教育针对整个学校环境、学生、家长、教师、校长和当地社区。使用调查方法、体重和身高测量、BMI 指数和 EUROFIT 体质测试来评估教育计划在知识和营养行为对身体活动的影响。假设了结果指标。使用“营养和身体活动友好学校/幼儿园证书”对学校环境的激活进行了评估。
在学生营养知识和身体活动作用方面，在营养习惯的改变以及体质测试结果方面，都达到了假设的目标点。在营养知识方面增加了 20%，在身体活动方面增加了 5%。在校前第一餐的消费频率发生了变化（低年级学生增加了 25%，高年级学生增加了 17%），瓶装水的消费增加了 49%，含糖饮料减少了 19%。推荐的 5 餐饮食的学生比例增加了 33%。个体运动测试的假设增加了 5%，达到了体质测试指标。在计划中包含的 1600 个教育单位中，有 65%达到了标准并记录了变化的持久性，获得了证书。整个干预样本中超重和肥胖发生率下降了 1%，在年龄较小的学生中下降了 3.3%，而年龄较大的学生中则上升了 1%。
总结所有取得的成果，针对儿童和青少年在人群层面上实施的“保持平衡”教育计划已被证明是有效的，值得在进行微小调整后继续实施。已经确定了许多积极的变化，以及需要改进的方面。全面纳入教育，有时在营养和身体行为的大部分方面进行微小的改变，影响了超重学生比例的降低，尽管平均 BMI 基本上保持在同一水平。
