Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Poult Sci. 2021 Jan;100(1):283-295. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.091. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
A dairy-originated probiotic bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii B3523 (PF) was found to be effective in reducing multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg (MDR SH) colonization in turkey poults (2-week-old) and growing (7-week-old) and finishing (12-week-old) turkeys. In this study, we explored the potential for microbiome modulation in the cecum of turkeys of different age groups due to PF supplementation in conjunction with MDR SH challenge. One-day-old commercial turkey poults were allocated to 3 treatment groups: negative control (N; turkeys without PF supplementation or SH challenge), SH control (S; turkeys challenged with SH without PF supplementation), and test group (P; turkeys supplemented with PF and challenged with SH). Turkeys were supplemented with 10 CFU PF in 5-gallon (18.9 L) water until 7 or 12 week of age. At the 6th or 11 wk, turkeys were challenged with SH at 10 and 10 CFU/bird by crop gavage, respectively. After 2 and 7 d of challenge (2-d postinoculation [PI] and 7-d PI, respectively), cecal samples were collected and microbiome analysis was conducted using Illumina MiSeq. The experiments were repeated twice with 8 and 10 turkeys/group for 7- and 12-wk studies, respectively. Results indicated that the species richness and abundance (Shannon diversity index) was similar among the treatment groups. However, treatments caused apparent clustering of the samples among each other (P < 0.05). Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the growing and finishing turkey cecum which was evenly distributed among the treatments except on wk 12 where the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in P than in N (P = 0.02). The MDR SH challenge resulted in modulation of microflora such as Streptococcus, Gordonibacter, and Turicibacter (P < 0.05) in the S groups compared with the P and N groups, known to be associated with inflammatory responses in birds and mammals. The supplementation of PF increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate-fermenting and short-chain fatty acid-producing genera in the P group compared with the S group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the results revealed that PF supplementation potentially modulated the beneficial microbiota in the P group, which could mitigate SH carriage in turkeys.
一种源自乳制品的益生菌，丙酸杆菌弗氏亚种 B3523（PF）被发现可有效减少火鸡幼雏（2 周龄）、生长（7 周龄）和育肥（12 周龄）火鸡中多重耐药性肠炎沙门氏菌（MDR SH）的定植。在这项研究中，我们探讨了由于 PF 补充和 MDR SH 挑战，不同年龄组火鸡盲肠微生物组调节的潜力。将 1 日龄商品火鸡幼雏分配到 3 个处理组：阴性对照（N；未补充 PF 或未接受 SH 挑战的火鸡）、SH 对照（S；未补充 PF 但接受 SH 挑战的火鸡）和试验组（P；补充 PF 并接受 SH 挑战的火鸡）。火鸡从 1 日龄到 7 或 12 周龄每天用 5 加仑（18.9 升）水补充 10 CFU PF。在第 6 或 11 周时，火鸡分别通过灌胃接受 10 和 10 CFU/鸟的 SH 挑战。在挑战后的 2 和 7 天（分别为 2 天和 7 天），采集盲肠样本并使用 Illumina MiSeq 进行微生物组分析。7 周和 12 周研究分别重复进行了 2 次，每组 8 到 10 只火鸡。结果表明，处理组之间的物种丰富度和丰度（香农多样性指数）相似。然而，处理组之间的样本明显聚类（P < 0.05）。厚壁菌门是生长和育肥火鸡盲肠中的主要门，在各处理组之间均匀分布，但在 12 周时，P 组的厚壁菌门相对丰度明显高于 N 组（P = 0.02）。MDR SH 挑战导致微生物群的变化，如链球菌、戈登氏菌和图里氏菌（P < 0.05），在 S 组与 P 和 N 组相比，这些菌与鸟类和哺乳动物的炎症反应有关。与 S 组相比，PF 补充增加了 P 组中碳水化合物发酵和短链脂肪酸产生属的相对丰度（P < 0.05）。此外，结果表明，PF 补充可能调节了 P 组中的有益微生物群，从而减轻了火鸡中 SH 的携带。
