Institute of Physical Chemistry TU Clausthal, D-38678 Claushal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Feb 15;254:117417. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117417. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
The structure determination of cellulose represents a significant part in the history of polymer science. On one side, cellulose as a natural and renewable material has valuable physical properties which can be improved with detailed knowledge of the structure. On the other side, it is produced by nature as fibers, e.g. ramie, cotton etc., most suitable for structural studies by X-ray diffraction after their discovery in 1912 and was regarded by scientists as predestined for such an undertaking. The progress utilizing appropriate methods and models will be pursued in this investigation from the beginning of the structural research in 1913 till the proposal of realistic structures of cellulose in the 1970s. Different basic units of the crystal structure are discussed. Many structural models for native cellulose have been suggested over times with parallel or antiparallel running chains in the fibers and supported or abandoned. In this historical review on order in cellulosics, the crystal structure research throughout the times will be critically evaluated and the improvements in experiments and methods discussed. This subject is not restricted to cellulose rather can be extended to further polymer fibers.
纤维素的结构测定在聚合物科学史上占有重要地位。一方面，纤维素作为一种天然可再生材料，具有有价值的物理性质，而对其结构的详细了解可以改进这些性质。另一方面，它以纤维的形式存在于自然界中，例如苎麻、棉花等，在 1912 年被发现后，通过 X 射线衍射对其进行结构研究最为合适，因此被科学家视为最适合进行此类研究的材料。本研究将从 1913 年结构研究开始，到 20 世纪 70 年代提出纤维素的实际结构，利用适当的方法和模型来推进这一研究。讨论了晶体结构的不同基本单元。随着时间的推移，已经提出了许多天然纤维素的结构模型，其中纤维中的链是平行或反平行排列的，并得到了支持或被放弃。在对纤维素有序性的这一历史性回顾中，将批判性地评估整个时期的晶体结构研究，并讨论实验和方法的改进。这个主题不仅限于纤维素，还可以扩展到其他聚合物纤维。
