Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK.
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;79(2):743-762. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201043.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings.
This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs.
Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs and were included as long as MCI was clearly defined.
5,568 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies were from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of amnesic MCI (aMCI) (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors.
Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是一种与痴呆风险增加相关的认知状态。尽管这些环境中痴呆症的患病率很高，但来自中低收入国家（LMICs）的 MCI 研究很少。
本系统评价旨在回顾流行病学报告，以确定 LMICs 中 MCI 的患病率及其相关危险因素。
从成立到 2019 年 11 月，对 Medline、Embase 和 PsycINFO 进行了搜索。符合条件的文章报告了来自 LMICs 的人群或社区研究中的 MCI，并将只要明确定义了 MCI 就包括在内。
筛选了 5568 篇文章，保留了 78 篇。共有 23 个不同的 LMIC 代表；大多数来自中国（55 项研究）。很少有研究来自中下收入国家（n=14）、低收入国家（n=4）或具有代表性的人群样本（n=4）。MCI 的诊断方法存在很大的异质性；采用 Petersen 标准的研究最多（n=26）。遗忘型 MCI（aMCI）（Petersen 标准）的患病率范围为 0.6%至 22.3%。使用国际工作组遗忘型 MCI 标准（范围 4.5%至 18.3%）和所有 MCI 标准（范围 6.1%至 30.4%）的研究之间也存在类似的变异性。MCI 的风险与人口统计学（如年龄）、健康（如心血管代谢疾病）和生活方式（如社会隔离、吸烟、饮食和体育活动）因素有关。
在中国以外，很少有 MCI 研究在 LMIC 环境中进行。迫切需要进行具有代表性的人群流行病学研究，以确定 LMIC 中的 MCI 患病率。MCI 诊断方法也需要标准化。这将允许跨研究比较和未来的资源规划。
