State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
National Cancer Institute, 33/43 Lomonosova St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2020 Dec;25:265-284. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-265-284.
To assess the level of risks of development of malignant neoplasms among the residents of smallChornobyl districts («rayons») in connection with low-dose radiation exposure and its dynamic changes.
The study population included residents of Borodianka, Ivankiv and Poliske districts ofKyiv region («oblast») and Luhyny, Narodychi and Ovruch districts of Zhytomyr region, 175,100 inhabitants in2017. The study period was 1980-2017. All cancers incidence rates as well as rates of potentially radiation-associated sites (breast, thyroid, hematopoietic and lymphoid systems) were calculated and analysed. Methods of variation statistics, descriptive and analytical epidemiology were used.
The impact of ionizing radiation on population of the most radionuclide-contaminated districts raisesconcerns of the potential threat of adverse cancer effects, especially thyroid cancer. The average total whole-bodyeffective radiation doses received due to cesium during long time (1986-2005) among residents of the study districts (7.6-45.8 mSv) exceeded that in Zhytomyr (5.9 mSv), Kyiv (4.9 mSv) regions and Ukraine as a whole (2.48mSv), but also in other districts in the North Ukraine. The average doses of internal radiation absorbed by the thyroid gland (161-1559 mGy) among the most vulnerable population - children and adolescents (aged 0-18 yearsat the time of the accident) of these areas, and obtained in the short post-accident period, significantly exceedthat in Zhytomyr (87 mGy), Kyiv (81 mGy) regions and Ukraine as a whole (19 mGy). Irradiation rates of adult residents of these territories were lower, but significantly exceeded the average doses received by the population ofUkraine and large administrative units. Overall cancer incidence in the 6 districts during pre- and post-accidentperiods was lower comparing to Ukraine's and Kyiv region's rates, and did not significantly differ from Zhytomyrregion's rates. At the same time, the incidence rates of thyroid cancer significantly exceeded that of the pre-accident period as well as Zhytomyr region's rates.
The results of the study indicate needs for further monitoring of malignant neoplasms not only inthe population of Ukraine as a whole and its large administrative-territorial units, but also among residents of particular areas, given the likelihood of the realization of the risks of radiation-associated diseases in the distantpost-accident period in accordance with local environmental conditions.
评估小切尔诺贝利地区（“区”）居民因低剂量辐射暴露及其动态变化而罹患恶性肿瘤的风险水平。
研究人群包括基辅地区博罗季扬卡、伊万基夫和波利斯克区以及日托米尔地区卢哈尼、纳罗季奇和奥夫鲁奇区的居民，2017 年有 175100 人。研究期间为 1980 年至 2017 年。计算并分析了所有癌症发病率以及潜在辐射相关部位（乳腺、甲状腺、造血和淋巴系统）的发病率。采用变异统计、描述性和分析性流行病学方法。
受放射性核素污染最严重的地区的居民所受到的电离辐射的影响引起了人们对不良癌症影响潜在威胁的关注，尤其是甲状腺癌。研究地区居民在长时间（1986-2005 年）内因铯而接受的全身有效平均辐射剂量（7.6-45.8mSv）超过了日托米尔（5.9mSv）、基辅（4.9mSv）地区和整个乌克兰（2.48mSv），也超过了乌克兰北部的其他地区。在这些地区最脆弱的人群（事故发生时年龄在 0-18 岁的儿童和青少年）中，甲状腺吸收的内照射平均剂量（161-1559mGy），且这是在事故发生后的短期时间内获得的，显著高于日托米尔（87mGy）、基辅（81mGy）地区和整个乌克兰（19mGy）。这些地区成年居民的辐射率较低，但明显高于乌克兰和大型行政单位的居民所接受的平均剂量。在事故发生前后期间，6 个地区的总体癌症发病率低于乌克兰和基辅地区的发病率，与日托米尔地区的发病率没有显著差异。与此同时，甲状腺癌的发病率显著高于事故前时期，也高于日托米尔地区的发病率。
研究结果表明，不仅需要对整个乌克兰及其大型行政区域的人群，而且还需要对特定地区的居民进行恶性肿瘤的进一步监测，因为根据当地环境条件，在事故发生后的遥远时期，辐射相关疾病的风险有可能实现。
