Soto-Goñi Xabier Ander, Alen Francisco, Buiza-González Leticia, Marcolino-Cruz Danielle, Sánchez-Sánchez Teresa, Ardizone-García Ignacio, Aneiros-López Fernando, Jiménez-Ortega Laura
Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Neurol. 2020 Dec 9;11:564431. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.564431. eCollection 2020.
Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for "probable awake bruxism" were assigned to the case group ( = 29, five males). The control group ( = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal ( < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.
众多研究分析了心理因素与磨牙症之间的关系。然而，由于缺乏精确的诊断标准以及所使用的心理问卷种类繁多，数据往往模糊不清。本研究的目的是确定清醒磨牙症与心理因素（焦虑、抑郁、社交能力、压力应对和人格特质）之间的关联。为此，68名参与者（13名男性）完成了一系列心理问卷、一份自我报告的磨牙症问卷以及一次临床检查。根据他们在磨牙症问卷和临床检查中的得分，将受试者分为两组。符合“可能的清醒磨牙症”标准的受试者被分配到病例组（n = 29，5名男性）。对照组（n = 39，9名男性）由在检查和问卷中均未表现出磨牙症迹象或症状的受试者组成。与对照组相比，可能的清醒磨牙症组在特质焦虑和状态焦虑、躯体化症状以及神经质方面的水平显著更高。尽管如此，当考虑他们的问题应对策略时，清醒磨牙症患者在积极重新评价方面得分更高（P < 0.05），这是一种通常被认为具有适应性的策略。总之，尽管我们研究中的清醒磨牙症患者表现出更高水平的焦虑、躯体化和神经质，但他们也展示出更具适应性的应对策略，而根据先前的数据，颞下颌关节紊乱症患者（通常也表现出高水平的焦虑、躯体化和神经质）可能倾向于表现出适应性较差的应对方式。因此，清醒磨牙症可能在压力应对中发挥积极作用，这与咀嚼作为缓解心理紧张手段的假设相符。这一发现应通过未来比较颞下颌关节紊乱症患者、确诊的清醒磨牙症患者和对照组并使用更大且更具代表性样本的研究进一步证实。
