Testamenti Vincentius Arca, Surya Maryati, Saepuloh Uus, Iskandriati Diah, Tandang Maryos Vigouri, Kristina Lia, Wahyudi Aris Tri, Sajuthi Dondin, Santi Vivi Dwi, Patispathika Fiet Hayu, Wahyu Muhtadin, Nurcahyo Anton, Pamungkas Joko
Primatology Graduate Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2020 Nov;13(11):2459-2468. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2459-2468. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease affecting humans and a wide range of animal species; it is often underdiagnosed and underreported in veterinary medicine in Indonesia. This study aimed to characterize morphological and molecular features of , the causative agent of melioidosis which caused the death of a Bornean orangutan.
Pulmonary abscess samples were cultured on several types of media, including Ashdown agar, Ashdown broth, and MacConkey agar. Type three secretion system 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and latex agglutination tests were performed to identify the bacteria. Morphological characteristics were compared to all previously published morphotypes. Subsequently, the bacteria were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and -like flagellum/-like flagellum and chemotaxis PCR. The results of the genotyping were afterward compared to all genotypes from Southeast Asia.
Multiple morphotypes of were perceived during the growth on Ashdown agar. Furthermore, it was identified by MLST that the Type I and Type II morphotypes observed in this study were clones of a single ST, ST54, which is predominantly found in humans and the environment in Malaysia and Thailand, although a very limited number of reports was published in association with animals. Moreover, the E-BURST analysis showed that the ST is grouped together with isolates from Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Cambodia. ST54 was predicted to be the founding genotype of several STs from those regions.
ST54 that caused the death of a Bornean orangutan has a distant genetic relationship with other STs which were previously reported in Indonesia, implying a vast genetic diversity in Indonesia that has not been discovered yet.
类鼻疽病是一种可能致命的疾病，可感染人类及多种动物；在印度尼西亚的兽医学中，该病常未得到充分诊断和报告。本研究旨在对导致一只婆罗洲猩猩死亡的类鼻疽病病原体的形态和分子特征进行表征。
将肺脓肿样本接种于多种培养基上培养，包括阿什当琼脂、阿什当肉汤和麦康凯琼脂。进行三型分泌系统2实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）和乳胶凝集试验以鉴定细菌。将形态特征与所有先前发表的形态型进行比较。随后，通过多位点序列分型（MLST）以及类鞭毛/类鞭毛和趋化性PCR对细菌进行表征。之后将基因分型结果与东南亚的所有基因型进行比较。
在阿什当琼脂上生长过程中观察到了多种类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌形态型。此外，通过MLST鉴定发现，本研究中观察到的I型和II型形态型是单一序列型ST54的克隆，该序列型主要在马来西亚和泰国的人类及环境中发现，尽管与动物相关的报道非常有限。此外，E-BURST分析表明，该序列型与来自马来西亚、泰国、新加坡和柬埔寨等东南亚国家的分离株归为一组。预计ST54是这些地区多个序列型的奠基基因型。
导致一只婆罗洲猩猩死亡的ST54与印度尼西亚先前报道的其他序列型具有较远的遗传关系，这意味着印度尼西亚存在尚未被发现的巨大遗传多样性。
