Gunter R G, Szeto E H, Suh S, Kim Y, Jeong S-H, Waters A J
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Addict Behav Rep. 2020 Sep 12;12:100301. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100301. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Cigarette smoking remains the largest cause of preventable death in the United States and worldwide. In South Korea and other Asian countries, a large proportion of males smoke, increasing the need to examine cigarette smoking in these populations. Research suggests that the association between positive affect and negative affect, and between affect and craving, may differ across cultures, and that it is useful to examine these associations using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). South Korean smokers ( = 20, Mean Age = 21.15, 25% female) completed baseline questionnaires and downloaded an EMA app which prompted 4 random assessments (RAs) each day for 1-week. At each assessment, participants responded to items assessing momentary negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA), craving, and number of cigarettes smoked since the previous EMA assessment. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to analyze EMA data (544 assessments), separating out between- and within- subject associations. There was a significant positive association between positive affect and negative affect at the between-subjects level. Both positive affect and negative affect were significantly positively associated with craving at between-subjects and within-subject levels. Craving was associated with subsequent smoking behavior at the within-subjects level. Overall, results suggest that associations between positive affect and negative affect may be different in South Korean smokers than in Western smokers, and that there are robust associations between both negative and positive affect and craving.
在美国乃至全球，吸烟仍是可预防死亡的最大诱因。在韩国及其他亚洲国家，很大一部分男性吸烟，因此有必要对这些人群的吸烟情况进行研究。研究表明，积极情绪与消极情绪之间的关联，以及情绪与烟瘾之间的关联，在不同文化中可能存在差异，利用生态瞬时评估（EMA）来研究这些关联是很有意义的。韩国吸烟者（n = 20，平均年龄 = 21.15岁，25%为女性）完成了基线调查问卷，并下载了一款EMA应用程序，该程序每天随机进行4次评估（RA），持续1周。每次评估时，参与者需回答一些问题，以评估瞬时消极情绪（NA）、积极情绪（PA）、烟瘾，以及自上次EMA评估以来的吸烟数量。线性混合模型（LMM）用于分析EMA数据（544次评估），区分受试者间和受试者内的关联。在受试者间水平上，积极情绪与消极情绪之间存在显著的正相关。在受试者间和受试者内水平上，积极情绪和消极情绪均与烟瘾显著正相关。在受试者内水平上，烟瘾与随后的吸烟行为相关。总体而言，研究结果表明，韩国吸烟者中积极情绪与消极情绪之间的关联可能与西方吸烟者不同，而且消极情绪和积极情绪与烟瘾之间均存在紧密关联。
