Sidi Ronen, Aisenberg Shafran Daniela
Department of Clinical Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
Heliyon. 2020 Dec 19;6(12):e05775. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05775. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Past research regarding the emotional characteristics of kibbutz children raised with communal sleeping arrangements (CSA) showed inconsistent findings for emotional difficulties, such as insecure attachment and lowered ability for intimacy. Only little research has examined these children's emotional characteristics in their adulthood. Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) is a new concept measuring a constellation of correlated emotional traits that capture a person's typical way of processing emotional information and reacting to it. The present study examined if difficulties in intimacy and trait EI characterize adults who had been raised in CSA kibbutzim (Hebrew plural of kibbutz). Participants comprised 1185 adults, aged 30-79, of whom 735 were raised in CSA kibbutzim, and the rest did not grow up in a Kibbutz at all. The participants completed three self-report questionnaires: Schutte's Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) to measure trait EI; the Revised Adult Attachment Scale to measure adult attachment; and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire to measure self-esteem. Results showed that most of the kibbutz CSA participants revealed levels of intimacy and trait EI comparable to the non-kibbutz group. However, a significant difference was found among adults with low self-esteem and poor attachment quality: For these participants, trait EI and intimacy were significantly lower for the CSA kibbutz group than for the non-kibbutz group. Furthermore, the CSA kibbutz group reported poorer non-verbal communication skills than the non-kibbutz group. We suggest that a minority of the CSA kibbutz children were less resilient to the kibbutz ecology. These children might have been more vulnerable to the effects of limited social options, decreased parental support, and the kibbutz education's ideological demands. For these children, the effects of communal upbringing on intimacy and attachment appear to be long-lasting, extending throughout their adulthood.
过去关于在集体睡眠安排（CSA）下成长的基布兹儿童情感特征的研究，在诸如不安全依恋和亲密关系能力降低等情感困难方面，结果并不一致。仅有少量研究考察过这些儿童成年后的情感特征。特质情绪智力（trait EI）是一个新的概念，用于衡量一系列相关的情感特质，这些特质反映了一个人处理情感信息并做出反应的典型方式。本研究考察了亲密关系困难和特质情绪智力是否是在基布兹集体睡眠安排下长大的成年人的特征。参与者包括1185名年龄在30至79岁之间的成年人，其中735人在基布兹集体睡眠安排下长大，其余的人根本没有在基布兹长大。参与者完成了三份自我报告问卷：用于测量特质情绪智力的舒特自我报告情绪智力测试（SSEIT）；用于测量成人依恋的修订版成人依恋量表；以及用于测量自尊的罗森伯格自尊问卷。结果显示，大多数基布兹集体睡眠安排的参与者所表现出的亲密关系水平和特质情绪智力与非基布兹组相当。然而，在自尊水平低和依恋质量差的成年人中发现了显著差异：对于这些参与者，基布兹集体睡眠安排组的特质情绪智力和亲密关系显著低于非基布兹组。此外，表示基布兹集体睡眠安排组的非言语沟通能力比非基布兹组差。我们认为，少数在基布兹集体睡眠安排下长大的儿童对基布兹生态的适应能力较差。这些儿童可能更容易受到社交选择有限、父母支持减少以及基布兹教育的意识形态要求的影响。对于这些儿童来说，集体养育对亲密关系和依恋的影响似乎是持久的，贯穿他们的成年期。
