Zaporozhets Tatyana S, Besednova Nataliya N
Immunology Laboratory, Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
AIMS Microbiol. 2020 Dec 7;6(4):470-494. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2020028. eCollection 2020.
Despite the progress made in immunization and drug development, so far there are no prophylactic vaccines and effective therapies for many viral infections, including infections caused by coronaviruses. In this regard, the search for new antiviral substances continues to be relevant, and the enormous potential of marine resources are a stimulus for the study of marine compounds with antiviral activity in experiments and clinical trials. The highly pathogenic human coronaviruses-severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain a serious threat to human health. In this review, the authors hope to bring the attention of researchers to the use of biologically active substances of marine origin as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents targeting common cellular pathways and various stages of the life cycle of different viruses, including coronaviruses. The review has been compiled using references from major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer and Google Scholar (up to June 2020) and keywords such as 'coronaviruses', 'marine organisms', 'biologically active substances', 'antiviral drugs', 'SARS-CoV', 'MERS-CoV', 'SARS-CoV-2', '3CLpro', 'TMPRSS2', 'ACE2'. After obtaining all reports from the databases, the papers were carefully analysed in order to find data related to the topic of this review (98 references). Biologically active substances of marine origin, such as flavonoids, phlorotannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lectins, polysaccharides, lipids and others substances, can affect coronaviruses at the stages of penetration and entry of the viral particle into the cell, replication of the viral nucleic acid and release of the virion from the cell; they also can act on the host's cellular targets. These natural compounds could be a vital resource in the fight against coronaviruses.
尽管在免疫接种和药物研发方面取得了进展，但到目前为止，对于许多病毒感染，包括由冠状病毒引起的感染，仍没有预防性疫苗和有效的治疗方法。在这方面，寻找新的抗病毒物质仍然具有现实意义，海洋资源的巨大潜力促使人们在实验和临床试验中研究具有抗病毒活性的海洋化合物。高致病性人类冠状病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）仍然对人类健康构成严重威胁。在这篇综述中，作者希望引起研究人员对海洋来源生物活性物质的关注，这些物质作为潜在的广谱抗病毒剂，可针对常见的细胞途径以及包括冠状病毒在内的不同病毒生命周期的各个阶段发挥作用。这篇综述使用了来自科学网、PubMed、Scopus、爱思唯尔、施普林格和谷歌学术等主要数据库（截至2020年6月）的参考文献，以及“冠状病毒”、“海洋生物”、“生物活性物质”、“抗病毒药物”、“SARS-CoV”、“MERS-CoV”、“SARS-CoV-2”、“3CLpro”、“TMPRSS2”、“ACE2”等关键词进行编写。从数据库获取所有报告后，对论文进行了仔细分析，以找到与本综述主题相关的数据（98篇参考文献）。海洋来源的生物活性物质，如黄酮类化合物、褐藻多酚、生物碱、萜类化合物、肽、凝集素、多糖、脂质和其他物质，可在病毒颗粒穿透和进入细胞、病毒核酸复制以及病毒粒子从细胞释放等阶段影响冠状病毒；它们还可作用于宿主细胞靶点。这些天然化合物可能是对抗冠状病毒的重要资源。
