Department of Ophthalmology, Nikookari Ophthalmology University Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Research Center for Evidence based-medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Rom J Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct-Dec;64(4):342-355. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2020.56.
to assess the prevalence of Amblyopia disease in the children of the world. In order to perform this systematic review, PICO was considered as the research question. Then, the preferred keywords were searched in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. The retrieved citations were reviewed by two independent inspectors in a three-step process in terms of the title, abstract, and full-text, based on the inclusion criteria. The studies included in the review were critically evaluated and then were extracted by two dependent expert reviewers. Finally, the prevalence of Amblyopia disease in the children of the world was pooled by meta-analysis CMA v.2 software. The heterogeneity of the selected studies was evaluated using I2 and chi-square. Also, subgroup-analysis was performed using designs and continents. Out of 952 retrieved citations, 131 studies were included. The total prevalence of Amblyopia in the children of the world was calculated to be 4.3% [Pooled Prevalence: 4.3%, 95% CI: 2.6%-7.00%, P-value 0.0001]. In addition, the heterogeneity of the studies was reported to be high (Q: 48281.18, df: 56, p-value 0.001, I-square: 99.88). The subgroup analysis showed that America had the highest (5.57%, 95% CI: 2.23%-13.94%, P-value 0.0001) prevalence, and the lowest prevalence of Amblyopia in the children of the world was seen in Africa (7.1%, 95% CI: 0.003%-172.53%, P-value 0.05). It can be concluded that the total prevalence of Amblyopia is 3.4%, but this estimate varies in all continents, especially in Africa. The major reason for this variation was reported to be the heterogeneity of studies. These assessments have investigated different populations in terms of severity of illness, age, and gender. Therefore, further worldwide high-quality and valid studies should be carried out to allow the calculation of the real prevalence of Amblyopia among children of the world. VA = visual acuity, ALSPAC = Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, JBI = Joanna Briggs Institute, PRISMA = Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, CMA = Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software.
评估世界儿童弱视的患病率。为了进行这项系统评价，研究问题被视为 PICO。然后，在 Medline（通过 PubMed）、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science 和 ProQuest 数据库中搜索首选关键字。根据纳入标准，通过标题、摘要和全文，由两名独立审查员分三步对检索到的引文进行审查。对纳入的研究进行批判性评估，然后由两名独立的专家审查员进行提取。最后，使用 CMA v.2 软件对世界儿童弱视的患病率进行荟萃分析。采用 I2 和卡方评估所选研究的异质性。还根据设计和大陆进行了亚组分析。在 952 条检索引文，有 131 项研究被纳入。计算得出世界儿童弱视的总患病率为 4.3%[汇总患病率：4.3%，95%CI：2.6%-7.00%，P 值 0.0001]。此外，研究的异质性被报道很高（Q：48281.18，df：56，p 值 0.001，I 平方：99.88）。亚组分析显示，美洲的患病率最高（5.57%，95%CI：2.23%-13.94%，P 值 0.0001），而世界儿童弱视的最低患病率出现在非洲（7.1%，95%CI：0.003%-172.53%，P 值 0.05）。可以得出结论，弱视的总患病率为 3.4%，但这一估计在所有大陆都有所不同，尤其是在非洲。这种变化的主要原因被报道为研究的异质性。这些评估根据疾病严重程度、年龄和性别对不同人群进行了调查。因此，应该进行更多的全球高质量和有效的研究，以计算世界儿童弱视的真实患病率。VA=视力，ALSPAC=雅芳纵向研究父母和孩子，JBI=乔安娜·布里格斯研究所，PRISMA=系统评价和荟萃分析，CMA=综合荟萃分析软件。
