Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Int Immunol. 2021 Mar 31;33(4):197-209. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa079.
The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Although the influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal physiology and immunity is well known, mounting evidence suggests a key role for intestinal symbionts in controlling immune cell responses and development outside the gut. Although the underlying mechanisms by which the gut symbionts influence systemic immune responses remain poorly understood, there is evidence for both direct and indirect effects. In addition, the gut microbiota can contribute to immune responses associated with diseases outside the intestine. Understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the host is thus of fundamental importance to understand both immunity and human health.
哺乳动物的肠道被数以万亿计的微生物定植，这些微生物与宿主在共生关系中共同进化。尽管肠道微生物群对肠道生理学和免疫的影响是众所周知的，但越来越多的证据表明，肠道共生体在控制肠道外免疫细胞的反应和发育方面起着关键作用。尽管肠道共生体影响全身免疫反应的潜在机制仍知之甚少，但有证据表明存在直接和间接的影响。此外，肠道微生物群也可以促进与肠道外疾病相关的免疫反应。因此，了解肠道微生物群与宿主之间的复杂相互作用对于理解免疫和人类健康至关重要。
