Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA.
Sleep. 2021 Jun 11;44(6). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa289.
New theory and measurement approaches have facilitated nuanced investigation of how sleep loss impacts dimensions of affective functioning. To provide a quantitative summary of this literature, three conceptually related meta-analyses examined the effect of sleep restriction and sleep deprivation on mood, emotion, and emotion regulation across the lifespan (i.e. from early childhood to late adulthood).
A total of 241 effect sizes from 64 studies were selected for inclusion, and multilevel meta-analytic techniques were used when applicable.
There was a moderate, positive effect of sleep loss on negative mood (g = 0.45), which was stronger for studies with younger samples, as well as a large, negative effect of sleep loss on positive mood (g = -0.94). For negative mood only, studies that used total sleep deprivation had larger effect sizes than studies that restricted sleep. After correcting for publication bias, a modest but significant negative effect for sleep loss on emotion (g = -0.11) was found; the valence of emotional stimuli did not change the direction of this effect, and type of sleep manipulation was also not a significant moderator. Finally, sleep restriction had a small, negative effect on adaptive emotion regulation (g = -0.32), but no significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation (g = 0.14); all studies on adaptive emotion regulation were conducted with youth samples.
Sleep loss compromises optimal affective functioning, though the magnitude of effects varies across components. Findings underscore the importance of sleep for healthy affective outcomes.
新理论和测量方法促进了对睡眠缺失如何影响情感功能维度的细致研究。为了对这一文献进行定量总结，三项概念上相关的荟萃分析考察了睡眠限制和睡眠剥夺对整个生命周期（即从儿童早期到成年晚期）的情绪、情感和情绪调节的影响。
共选取了 64 项研究中的 241 个效应量进行分析，适用时采用多层次元分析技术。
睡眠缺失对负性情绪有中等程度的正向影响（g=0.45），对于年轻样本的研究影响更大；睡眠缺失对正性情绪有很大的负向影响（g=-0.94）。仅在负性情绪方面，使用完全睡眠剥夺的研究比限制睡眠的研究具有更大的效应量。在纠正发表偏倚后，发现睡眠缺失对情绪有适度但显著的负向影响（g=-0.11）；情绪刺激的效价并没有改变这种影响的方向，睡眠干预的类型也不是一个显著的调节因素。最后，睡眠限制对适应性情绪调节有较小的负向影响（g=-0.32），但对适应性情绪调节没有显著影响（g=0.14）；所有关于适应性情绪调节的研究都是针对青年样本进行的。
睡眠缺失会损害最佳的情感功能，尽管影响的大小因成分而异。研究结果强调了睡眠对健康情感结果的重要性。
