School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University.
Emotion. 2022 Apr;22(3):493-510. doi: 10.1037/emo0000935. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Despite the well-documented negative effects of anxiety on task-switching (switch costs), few studies have directly tested major theoretical assumptions about (a) the specific processing component of task-switching that is impaired by anxiety, (b) anxious individuals' strategies during task-switching, and (c) the mediating role of mind wandering in the relation between anxiety and task-switching. We addressed these issues using a stochastic diffusion model analysis and novel thought-probe technique in the task-switching paradigm. Our results suggest that the locus of impaired switch costs under state anxiety lies in the efficiency of task-set reconfiguration and not in proactive interference processing. Moreover, state anxiety was associated with impaired mixing costs, which are another crucial index of task-switching. We found only partial evidence for anxious individuals' proneness to compensatory strategies during task-switching. However, no evidence was found for a mediating role of task-unrelated thoughts and a moderating role of working memory in the relation between anxiety and task-switching. Our findings elucidate theoretical assumptions underlying anxiety and cognitive functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
尽管焦虑对任务转换（转换代价）有很好的记录，但很少有研究直接检验关于（a）焦虑影响的任务转换的特定处理成分、（b）焦虑个体在任务转换期间的策略，以及（c）思维漫游在焦虑和任务转换之间的关系中的中介作用的主要理论假设。我们在任务转换范式中使用随机扩散模型分析和新颖的思维探测技术来解决这些问题。我们的结果表明，状态焦虑下转换代价受损的位置在于任务集重新配置的效率，而不是前摄干扰处理。此外，状态焦虑与混合代价受损有关，混合代价是任务转换的另一个关键指标。我们仅发现了一些证据表明焦虑个体在任务转换期间容易采用补偿策略。然而，没有证据表明无关任务的想法在焦虑和任务转换之间的关系中起中介作用，也没有证据表明工作记忆在焦虑和任务转换之间的关系中起调节作用。我们的研究结果阐明了焦虑和认知功能的理论假设。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
