Guevarra Ysabel A, Majeed Nadyanna M, Hisham Eva M, Hartanto Andree
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 10 Canning Rise, Singapore 179873, Singapore.
Brain Sci. 2024 Dec 15;14(12):1259. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121259.
(1) Background: Cognitive failures, including lapses in attention, memory, and executive functioning, can negatively affect daily performance and well-being. Negative and positive affectivity have been implicated in cognitive functioning, yet their relationship with cognitive failures remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of positive and negative affect on cognitive failures, using daily diary methods to examine both within-person and between-person associations in a sample of younger adults from Singapore and adults across the lifespan from the United States (US). (2) Methods: Participants (Singapore: = 253, US: = 1726) completed daily diaries over seven (Singapore) or eight (US) consecutive days. Multilevel modelling was used to analyse both within- and between-person relationships between affect and cognitive failures, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. (3) Results: In both the Singapore and US samples, negative affect was consistently positively associated with cognitive failures at both levels (SG within-person: β = 0.21, < 0.001; SG between-person: β = 0.58, < 0.001; US within-person: β = 0.08, < 0.001; US between-person: β = 0.28, < 0.001), supporting the influence of negative affective experiences on cognitive lapses. However, positive affect showed no significant associations with daily cognitive failures in the Singapore sample (within-person: β = 0.01, = 0.683; between-person: β = -0.04, = 0.484) and only a between-person negative association in the US sample (within-person: β = 0.02, = 0.157; between-person: β = -0.11, < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: These findings suggest that positive and negative affect differentially influence individual differences and intra-individual changes in daily cognitive failures among both younger and older adults.
（1）背景：认知失误，包括注意力、记忆力和执行功能的失误，会对日常表现和幸福感产生负面影响。消极和积极情感与认知功能有关，但它们与认知失误的关系仍未得到充分探索。本研究使用日记法，调查消极和积极情感对认知失误的影响，以检验新加坡年轻成年人样本以及美国全年龄段成年人样本中的个体内和个体间关联。（2）方法：参与者（新加坡：n = 253，美国：n = 1726）连续七天（新加坡）或八天（美国）完成每日日记。采用多层次建模分析情感与认知失误之间的个体内和个体间关系，并控制人口统计学和社会经济变量。（3）结果：在新加坡和美国样本中，消极情感在两个层面上均与认知失误呈持续正相关（新加坡个体内：β = 0.21，p < 0.001；新加坡个体间：β = 0.58，p < 0.001；美国个体内：β = 0.08，p < 0.001；美国个体间：β = 0.28，p < 0.001），支持消极情感体验对认知失误的影响。然而，积极情感在新加坡样本中与每日认知失误无显著关联（个体内：β = 0.01，p = 0.683；个体间：β = -0.04，p = 0.484），在美国样本中仅与个体间呈负相关（个体内：β = 0.02，p = 0.157；个体间：β = -0.11，p < 0.001）。（4）结论：这些发现表明，消极和积极情感对年轻人和老年人日常认知失误的个体差异和个体内变化有不同影响。
