Animal Disease Control, Sub-division, North-West, Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Ongwediva, Namibia.
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Sub-Regional Representation for Southern Africa, Gaborone, Botswana.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Dec 28;14(12):e0008948. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008948. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Domestic dogs are responsible for 99% of all cases of human rabies and thus, mass dog vaccination has been demonstrated to be the most effective approach towards the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies. Namibia demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by applying government-led strategic rabies vaccination campaigns to reduce both human and dog rabies incidences in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia since 2016. The lessons learnt using paper-based form for data capturing and management of mass dog vaccination campaign during the pilot and roll out phase of the project (2016-2018) led to the implementation of a simple and accurate data collection tool in the second phase (2019-2022) of the rabies elimination program. In this paper, we describe the implementation of such custom-developed vaccination tracking device, i.e. the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) Data Logger (GDL), and the integration of the collected data into a website-based rabies surveillance system (Rabies Epidemiological Bulletin-REB) during 2019 and 2020 campaigns. A total of 10,037 dogs and 520 cats were vaccinated during the 2019 campaign and 13,219 dogs and 1,044 cats during the 2020 campaign. The vaccination data were recorded with the GDL and visualized via REB. Subsequent GIS-analysis using gridded population data revealed a suboptimal vaccination coverage in the great majority of grid cells (82%) with a vaccination coverage below 50%. Spatial regression analysis identified the number of schools, estimated human density, and adult dog population were associated with the vaccination performance. However, there was an inverse correlation to human densities. Nonetheless, the use of the GDL improved data capturing and monitoring capacity of the campaign, enabling the Namibian government to improve strategies for the vaccination of at-risk areas towards achieving adequate vaccination coverage which would effectively break the transmission of rabies.
家犬是导致人类狂犬病的 99%的病例的原因，因此大规模犬只接种疫苗已被证明是消除犬介导的人类狂犬病的最有效方法。纳米比亚自 2016 年以来，通过开展政府主导的战略狂犬病疫苗接种运动，减少纳米比亚北部社区地区的人类和犬类狂犬病发病率，证明了这种方法的可行性。在项目试点和推广阶段（2016-2018 年），使用纸质表格来捕获和管理大规模犬只接种疫苗运动的数据，从中吸取的经验教训导致在第二阶段（2019-2022 年）的狂犬病消除计划中实施了一个简单而准确的数据收集工具。在本文中，我们描述了这种定制开发的疫苗接种追踪设备的实施情况，即全球狂犬病控制联盟（GARC）数据记录器（GDL），以及在 2019 年和 2020 年的运动期间，将收集的数据整合到基于网站的狂犬病监测系统（狂犬病流行病学公告-REB）中。在 2019 年的运动中，共为 10037 只狗和 520 只猫接种了疫苗，在 2020 年的运动中，为 13219 只狗和 1044 只猫接种了疫苗。疫苗接种数据是用 GDL 记录的，并通过 REB 可视化。随后使用网格化人口数据进行 GIS 分析显示，在绝大多数网格单元（82%）中，疫苗接种覆盖率都不理想，覆盖率低于 50%。空间回归分析确定了学校数量、估计的人口密度和成年犬只数量与接种表现相关。然而，与人口密度呈反比。尽管如此，GDL 的使用提高了运动的数据捕获和监测能力，使纳米比亚政府能够改进针对高危地区的疫苗接种策略，以实现足够的疫苗接种覆盖率，从而有效阻断狂犬病的传播。
