LYSSA LLC, Cumming, GA 30040, USA.
USDA, APHIS, VS, STAS, NVSL, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Vaccine. 2019 Oct 3;37 Suppl 1:A77-A84. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.015. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
The elimination of human rabies mediated by dogs is attainable in concept, based upon current sensitive and specific diagnostic methods, existing safe and effective human and veterinary vaccines and a sound virological, pathological and epidemiological understanding of the disease. Globally, all developed countries achieved this goal. Regionally, major progress occurred throughout the Americas. However, less advancement is evident in Africa and Asia. Our objective was to concentrate upon those salient improvements to extant tools and methods over the next five years which could assist and simplify the task for both those developing countries that have already begun the process, as well as other localities in the earlier stages of consideration. We considered several categories of applied research which could be accomplished in the short term, based upon the available scientific evidence and recent recommendations from subject matter experts and key opinion leaders, focused upon perceived major limitations to prior program success. Areas of concentration included: laboratory-based surveillance, pathogen detection and characterization; human rabies prophylaxis; veterinary biologics; implementation of canine vaccination; and oral vaccination of free-ranging community dogs. Further real-time application in these core areas with proven techniques and technology would simplify attaining not only the global goal focused subtly upon human mortality, but the actual elimination of canine rabies as well.
通过当前敏感和特异的诊断方法、现有的安全有效人类和兽医疫苗以及对疾病的良好病毒学、病理学和流行病学理解，从概念上讲，消除由狗介导的人类狂犬病是可以实现的。在全球范围内，所有发达国家都实现了这一目标。在区域范围内，整个美洲都取得了重大进展。然而，非洲和亚洲的进展则不太明显。我们的目标是集中关注未来五年内对现有工具和方法的显著改进，这些改进可以帮助和简化那些已经开始这一进程的发展中国家以及其他处于考虑早期阶段的地区的任务。我们考虑了一些可以在短期内完成的应用研究领域，这些研究领域基于现有的科学证据以及来自相关领域专家和主要意见领袖的最新建议，重点关注先前项目成功的主要限制因素。重点领域包括：基于实验室的监测、病原体检测和特征描述；人类狂犬病预防；兽医生物制品；犬类疫苗接种的实施；以及对自由放养的社区犬进行口服疫苗接种。在这些核心领域中进一步实时应用经过验证的技术和方法，不仅可以简化实现全球目标（微妙地关注人类死亡率），还可以实现犬类狂犬病的实际消除。
