Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas (CiPHARMA), Escola de Farmacia, Programa Pos-Graduacao em de Ciencias Biologicas, Nucleo de Pesquisas em Ciencias Biologicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(14):1741-1756. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666201228142703.
Dogs are natural reservoir of Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis and have been used for studies of these infections as they develop different clinical forms of these diseases similar to humans.
This article describes publications on the dog model relative to CD and leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
The search of articles was based on PubMed, Scopus and MESH using the keywords: dog, Trypanosoma cruzi, treatment (T. cruzi chemotherapy analysis), Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania infantum, canine visceral leishmaniasis, treatment (Leishmania chemotherapy evaluation).
Benznidazole and nifurtimox were used as a reference in the treatment of CD and in combination with other compounds. Eleven out of the fifteen studies have authors from the same team, using similar protocols and post-treatment evaluations, which assured more reproducibility and credibility. Twenty leishmaniasis studies, especially on visceral leishmaniasis, presenting at least one parasitological analysis tested in distinct monochemotherapy and polychemotherapy approaches were accessed. Data demonstrated that polychemotherapy was more effective in improving the clinical signs and parasitism control.
The benefits of treatment in terms of reducing or eliminating lesions and/or cardiac dysfunctions were demonstrated at acute and/or chronic phases relative to parasite load and/or the T. cruzi strain resistance to treatment. BZ presented better therapeutic results than the two EBI compounds evaluated. Although treatment of the canine visceral leishmaniasis was not able to induce complete parasite clearance, it can improve clinical recovery. Thus, the dog is a good model for CD and leishmaniasis studies of chemotherapy and may be indicated for pre-clinical trials of new treatments.
狗是恰加斯病（CD）和利什曼病的天然宿主，由于它们会发展出与人类相似的这些疾病的不同临床形式，因此被用于这些感染的研究。
本文描述了与 CD 和利什曼病化学疗法相关的犬模型研究的出版物。
使用PubMed、Scopus 和 MESH 搜索文章，使用的关键词有：狗、克氏锥虫、治疗（克氏锥虫化学疗法分析）、恰加斯锥虫、婴儿利什曼原虫、犬内脏利什曼病、治疗（利什曼病化学疗法评估）。
苯硝唑和硝呋替莫被用作 CD 治疗的参考，并与其他化合物联合使用。在 15 项研究中，有 11 项研究的作者来自同一团队，使用相似的方案和治疗后评估，这保证了更高的重现性和可信度。在 20 项利什曼病研究中，特别是在内脏利什曼病方面，至少有一项寄生虫学分析是在不同的单药和多药治疗方法中进行的。数据表明，多药治疗在改善临床症状和寄生虫控制方面更有效。
在急性和/或慢性阶段，从寄生虫负荷和/或治疗对 T. cruzi 株的抗性方面来看，治疗在减少或消除病变和/或心脏功能障碍方面的益处得到了证明。BZ 比评估的两种 EBI 化合物具有更好的治疗效果。尽管犬内脏利什曼病的治疗不能诱导完全清除寄生虫，但它可以改善临床恢复。因此，狗是 CD 和利什曼病化学疗法研究的良好模型，可能适合新治疗方法的临床前试验。
