Yang Yen-Ching, Huang Wei-Shen, Hu Shu-Man, Huang Chao-Wei, Chiu Chih-Hao, Chen Hsien-Yeh
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Dec 24;13(1):41. doi: 10.3390/polym13010041.
A regulatable bioremediation capsule material was synthesized with isolated single-strain bacteria ( species, ) and a regulator molecule (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) by a vapor-phased encapsulation method with simple steps of water sublimation and poly--xylylene deposition in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Mechanically, the capsule construct exhibited a controllable shape and dimensions, and was composed of highly biocompatible poly--xylylene as the matrix with homogeneously distributed bacteria and CMC molecules. Versatility of the encapsulation of the molecules at the desired concentrations was achieved in the vapor-phased sublimation and deposition fabrication process. The discovery of the fabricated capsule revealed that viable living inhabited the capsule, and the capsule enhanced bacterial growth due to the materials and process used. Biologically, the encapsulated demonstrated viable and functional enzyme activity for cellulase activation, and such activity was regulatable and proportional to the concentration of the decorated CMC molecules in the same capsule construct. Impressively, 13% of cellulase activity increase was realized by encapsulation of by poly--xylylene, and a further 34% of cellulase activity increase was achieved by encapsulation of additional 2.5% CMC. Accordingly, this synergistic effectiveness of the capsule constructs was established by combining enzymatic bacteria and its regulatory CMC by poly--xylylene encapsulation process. This reported encapsulation process exhibited other advantages, including the use of simple steps and a dry and clean process free of harmful chemicals; most importantly, the process is scalable for mass production. The present study represents a novel method to fabricate bacteria-encapsulated capsule for cellulose degradation in bioremediation that can be used in various applications, such as wastewater treatment and transforming of cellulose into glucose for biofuel production. Moreover, the concept of this vapor-phased encapsulation technology can be correspondingly used to encapsulate multiple bacteria and regulators to enhance the specific enzyme functions for degradation of various organic matters.
一种可调控的生物修复胶囊材料是通过气相封装法，利用分离出的单一菌株（物种）和一种调控分子（羧甲基纤维素，CMC）合成的，该方法在化学气相沉积（CVD）过程中具有水升华和聚对二甲苯沉积等简单步骤。从机械性能方面来看，该胶囊结构呈现出可控的形状和尺寸，并且由具有高度生物相容性的聚对二甲苯作为基质组成，细菌和CMC分子均匀分布其中。在气相升华和沉积制造过程中，实现了以所需浓度封装分子的多功能性。所制备胶囊的研究发现，有活的细菌栖息在胶囊内，并且由于所使用的材料和工艺，该胶囊促进了细菌生长。从生物学角度而言，封装的细菌表现出用于纤维素酶激活的可行且有功能的酶活性，并且这种活性是可调控的，且与同一胶囊结构中修饰的CMC分子浓度成正比。令人印象深刻的是，通过聚对二甲苯封装细菌使纤维素酶活性提高了13%，而额外封装2.5%的CMC又使纤维素酶活性进一步提高了34%。因此，通过聚对二甲苯封装工艺将酶促细菌及其调控性CMC相结合，确立了这种胶囊结构的协同有效性。所报道的这种封装工艺还具有其他优点，包括步骤简单以及采用无有害化学物质的干燥清洁工艺；最重要的是，该工艺可扩展用于大规模生产。本研究代表了一种制备用于生物修复中纤维素降解的细菌封装胶囊的新方法，可用于各种应用，如废水处理以及将纤维素转化为葡萄糖用于生物燃料生产。此外，这种气相封装技术的概念可相应地用于封装多种细菌和调控剂，以增强降解各种有机物质的特定酶功能。
