Jin Mengchu, Zheng Wenhao, Zhang Yaqiong, Gao Boyan, Yu Liangli Lucy
Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Foods. 2020 Dec 23;10(1):10. doi: 10.3390/foods10010010.
Wheat is the staple food for the world's major populations. However, chemical characters of geographically authentic wheat samples, especially for the lipids, have not been deeply studied. The present research aimed to investigate lipid compositions of Chinese wheat samples and clarify the major markers that contribute to the geographical differences. A total of 94 wheat samples from eight main wheat-producing provinces in China were evaluated to differentiate their lipid compositions. Based on the data collected from ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS), an optimized non-targeted lipidomic method was utilized for analyses. As the results, 62 lipid compounds, including fatty acids, phospholipids, galactolipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, alkylresorcinol, and ceramide were tentatively identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a more satisfying performance in distinguishing wheat samples from different origins compared with principal component analysis (PCA). Further, the abundances of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids with more unsaturated fatty acids were found greater in wheat samples from northern origins of China, while more glycolipids and unsaturated fatty acids arose in southern original wheat samples. These findings describe the lipid profiles of wheat samples in China and could contribute to the quality and safety control for the wheat flour products.
小麦是世界主要人口的主食。然而，地理来源明确的小麦样品的化学特征，尤其是脂质方面，尚未得到深入研究。本研究旨在调查中国小麦样品的脂质组成，并阐明导致地理差异的主要标志物。对来自中国八个主要小麦产区的94个小麦样品进行了评估，以区分它们的脂质组成。基于从超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q/TOF MS）收集的数据，采用了一种优化的非靶向脂质组学方法进行分析。结果初步鉴定出62种脂质化合物，包括脂肪酸、磷脂、半乳糖脂、甘油三酯、甘油二酯、烷基间苯二酚和神经酰胺。与主成分分析（PCA）相比，偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）在区分不同产地的小麦样品方面表现更令人满意。此外，发现来自中国北方产地的小麦样品中含有更多不饱和脂肪酸的甘油三酯和甘油磷脂的丰度更高，而南方产地的原始小麦样品中则含有更多糖脂和不饱和脂肪酸。这些发现描述了中国小麦样品的脂质谱，有助于小麦粉产品的质量和安全控制。
