Seemer Johanna, Kiesswetter Eva, Blawert Anne, Fleckenstein Daniela, Gloning Marina, Bader-Mittermaier Stephanie, Sieber Cornel C, Wurm Susanne, Volkert Dorothee
Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany.
Section Social Medicine and Prevention, Institute of Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2020 Dec 26;6(1):2. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics6010002.
Dietary intake and requirements in nursing home (NH) residents vary individually, but concepts for individualised interventions are currently lacking. Therefore, we present an individualised modular nutritional intervention concept for NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition and describe its application and acceptability. Three enrichment modules-a sweet and a savoury protein cream (40 g, 125 kcal, 10 g protein) and a protein-energy drink (250 mL, 220 kcal, 22 g protein)-were offered to residents of two German NHs single or in combination in five levels of enrichment from level 0 (no enrichment) to 4 (all enrichment modules) to compensate for individual energy and protein deficiencies. Residents with chewing and/or swallowing difficulties received reshaped instead of usual texture-modified meals. The intervention concept was applied to 55 residents (Mean age of 84 ± 8 years, 76.0% female, 25.5% malnutrition). Despite (risk of) malnutrition, 18.2% received no enrichment (level 0). Level 1 was allocated to 10.9%, level 2 to 27.3%, level 3 to 20.0% and level 4 to 23.6% of the residents. 32.7% received reshaped texture-modified meals (RTMM). Participants consuming RTMM were more often assigned to level 4 than residents receiving usual meals (38.8% vs 16.2%). We proposed and successfully applied an individualised modular nutritional intervention concept to NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition. In the next step, the effects of the concept and its transferability to other NHs need to be demonstrated.
养老院（NH）居民的饮食摄入量和需求因人而异，但目前缺乏个性化干预的理念。因此，我们提出了一种针对营养不良（风险）的NH居民的个性化模块化营养干预理念，并描述了其应用情况和可接受性。向德国两家养老院的居民提供了三个强化模块——一种甜味和一种咸味蛋白质乳膏（40克，125千卡，10克蛋白质）以及一种蛋白质能量饮料（250毫升，220千卡，22克蛋白质），可单独或组合提供，强化水平分为从0级（无强化）到4级（所有强化模块）共五个等级，以弥补个体的能量和蛋白质不足。有咀嚼和/或吞咽困难的居民接受的是重塑质地而非通常的质地改良餐。该干预理念应用于55名居民（平均年龄84±8岁，女性占76.0%，营养不良者占25.5%）。尽管存在营养不良（风险），但仍有18.2%的居民未接受任何强化（0级）。10.9%的居民被分配到1级，27.3%被分配到2级，20.0%被分配到3级，23.6%被分配到4级。32.7%的居民接受了重塑质地改良餐（RTMM）。食用RTMM的参与者比接受普通餐的居民更常被分配到4级（38.8%对16.2%）。我们提出并成功地将一种个性化模块化营养干预理念应用于有营养不良（风险）的NH居民。下一步，需要证明该理念的效果及其向其他养老院的可转移性。
