De Stefano Frank, Fiani Brian, Mayo Tim
Neuroscience, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, USA.
Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Nov 22;12(11):e11636. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11636.
Around 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur every year from athletic participation. The signs and symptoms of each specific head injury can be difficult to delineate. Further, treatment for each injury varies significantly. While most sports-related head injuries are not life-threatening, prompt recognition of acute head injury with expedited care leads to better outcomes. Current medical education lacks in awareness of common sports-related head injuries and the acute management of these injuries. Due to this, a literature review was originally crafted to provide medical students with a brief education in the recognition, diagnosis, and acute management of sports-related head injuries. The objective is to provide a "survival guide" style of reference for medical students, but may also be useful for all primary care providers, first line responders, and athletic trainers. Current guidelines and primary studies were investigated to delineate common head injuries and their associated medical management. With this data, we developed a brief, overview regarding common head injuries that occur in sport-related activities. In addition to listing the most common brain injuries, we elaborate on how to develop acute care plans specific to each type of injury. The treatment plans could be enhanced via stratification into sex and age subcategories, as well as through studies including data regarding long-term observation.
每年因参与体育运动而发生的创伤性脑损伤（TBI）约有380万例。每种特定头部损伤的体征和症状可能难以区分。此外，每种损伤的治疗方法差异很大。虽然大多数与运动相关的头部损伤不会危及生命，但及时识别急性头部损伤并加快治疗可带来更好的结果。当前的医学教育缺乏对常见运动相关头部损伤及其急性处理的认识。因此，最初撰写了一篇文献综述，为医学生提供有关运动相关头部损伤的识别、诊断和急性处理的简短教育。目的是为医学生提供一份“生存指南”式的参考资料，但对所有初级保健提供者、一线急救人员和运动训练师也可能有用。对当前指南和主要研究进行了调查，以确定常见的头部损伤及其相关的医疗管理。利用这些数据，我们编写了一份关于运动相关活动中常见头部损伤的简要概述。除了列出最常见的脑损伤外，我们还详细阐述了如何制定针对每种损伤类型的急性护理计划。治疗计划可通过按性别和年龄进行分层，以及通过纳入长期观察数据的研究来加以完善。
