Public Health Nutrition Department, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. Email:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(4):732-742. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(4).0008.
Vitamin A and zinc are interrelated, but the effects of zinc on vitamin A supplementation on morbidity are inconsistent and not well understood. We investigated the effects of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune responses in Indonesian pre-schoolers.
In a twostage study design, 826 children (2-5year old) were randomly assigned to receive daily zinc supplement (10 mg) or placebo for 4 months. At 2 months, both groups received a 200,000 IU vitamin A capsules through national vitamin A program. Data were collected at baseline, two and four months, resulting in 4 groups for comparisons: - no zinc no vitamin A (Placebo), zinc only, vitamin A only, and zinc plus vitamin A. Hair, blood and saliva samples were collected to measure hair zinc and serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration, ex-vivo IFN-γ, serum IgG and salivary IgA from 81 children selected randomly from each group.
At baseline, there were no differences between treatment groups. Zinc supplementation increased ex-vivo IFN-γ production, greatest amongst boys, younger (<3.5 years), normal weight and children with low baseline retinol concentration. Vitamin A supplementation increased IFN-γ only in those with low baseline retinol, with no effect on serum IgG and salivary IgA. After vitamin A supplementation, zinc had an effect on salivary IgA among younger and underweight children.
Zinc supplementation increased IFN-γ (cellular immune responses) and modified the effect of vitamin A supplementation on salivary IgA (mucosal innate immune response) in younger and underweight children.
维生素 A 和锌相互关联，但锌对维生素 A 补充剂发病率的影响尚不一致，也不太清楚。我们研究了锌和维生素 A 补充剂对印度尼西亚学龄前儿童免疫反应的影响。
在两阶段研究设计中，826 名儿童（2-5 岁）被随机分配每天接受锌补充剂（10 毫克）或安慰剂 4 个月。在 2 个月时，两组均通过国家维生素 A 计划接受 20 万国际单位维生素 A 胶囊。在基线、2 个月和 4 个月时收集数据，共形成 4 组进行比较：- 无锌无维生素 A（安慰剂）、锌组、维生素 A 组和锌加维生素 A 组。从每组中随机选择 81 名儿童采集头发、血液和唾液样本，以测量头发锌和血清视黄醇（维生素 A）浓度、体外 IFN-γ、血清 IgG 和唾液 IgA。
在基线时，各组之间无差异。锌补充剂增加了体外 IFN-γ 的产生，在男孩、年龄较小（<3.5 岁）、正常体重和基线视黄醇浓度较低的儿童中最大。维生素 A 补充剂仅在基线视黄醇较低的儿童中增加 IFN-γ，对血清 IgG 和唾液 IgA 无影响。在补充维生素 A 后，锌对年轻和体重不足的儿童的唾液 IgA 有影响。
锌补充剂增加了 IFN-γ（细胞免疫反应），并改变了维生素 A 补充剂对年轻和体重不足儿童唾液 IgA（黏膜先天免疫反应）的影响。
