Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 15;15(12):2754. doi: 10.3390/nu15122754.
Dietary deficiencies in zinc (Zn) and vitamin A (VA) are among the leading micronutrient deficiencies globally and previous research has proposed a notable interaction between Zn and VA physiological status. This study aimed to assess the effects of zinc and vitamin A (isolated and combined) on intestinal functionality and morphology, and the gut microbiome (). The study included nine treatment groups (~11)-no-injection (NI); HO; 0.5% oil; normal zinc (40 mg/kg ZnSO) (ZN); low zinc (20 mg/kg) (ZL); normal retinoid (1500 IU/kg retinyl palmitate) (RN); low retinoid (100 IU/kg) (RL); normal zinc and retinoid (40 mg/kg; 1500 IU/kg) (ZNRN); low zinc and retinoid (ZLRL) (20 mg/kg; 100 IU/kg). Samples were injected into the amniotic fluid of the fertile broiler eggs. Tissue samples were collected upon hatch to target biomarkers. ZLRL reduced ZIP4 gene expression and upregulated ZnT1 gene expression ( < 0.05). Duodenal surface area increased the greatest in RL compared to RN ( < 0.01), and ZLRL compared to ZNRN ( < 0.05). All nutrient treatments yielded shorter crypt depths ( < 0.01). Compared to the oil control, ZLRL and ZNRN reduced ( < 0.05) the cecal abundance of and genera ( < 0.05). These results suggest a potentially improved intestinal epithelium proceeding with Zn and VA intra-amniotic administration. Intestinal functionality and gut bacteria were modulated. Further research should characterize long-term responses and the microbiome profile.
膳食中锌（Zn）和维生素 A（VA）的缺乏是全球主要的微量营养素缺乏症之一，先前的研究提出了 Zn 和 VA 生理状态之间存在显著相互作用。本研究旨在评估锌和维生素 A（单独和联合）对肠道功能和形态以及肠道微生物组的影响。该研究包括九个处理组（~11 个）-无注射（NI）；HO；0.5%油；正常锌（40mg/kg ZnSO）（ZN）；低锌（20mg/kg）（ZL）；正常视黄醇（1500IU/kg 棕榈酸视黄酯）（RN）；低视黄醇（100IU/kg）（RL）；正常锌和视黄醇（40mg/kg；1500IU/kg）（ZNRN）；低锌和视黄醇（ZLRL）（20mg/kg；100IU/kg）。将这些样本注射到种蛋的羊水中。孵化后收集组织样本以确定生物标志物。ZLRL 降低了 ZIP4 基因的表达，并上调了 ZnT1 基因的表达（<0.05）。RL 组十二指肠表面积的增加大于 RN 组（<0.01），ZLRL 组大于 ZNRN 组（<0.05）。所有营养素处理都使隐窝深度缩短（<0.01）。与油对照相比，ZLRL 和 ZNRN 降低了盲肠中属（<0.05）和属（<0.05）的丰度。这些结果表明，Zn 和 VA 羊膜内给药可能会改善肠道上皮细胞。肠道功能和肠道细菌被调节。进一步的研究应该描述长期的反应和微生物组的特征。
