Department of Child Health, General Hospital Dr. Sardjito/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email:
Center for Health and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(Suppl 1):S18-S31. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(S1).03.
Nutritional anemia in Indonesian children and adolescents is generally regarded and treated as iron-deficient anemia, as it is in individuals in other age groups.
Yet, it remains a public health threat without comprehensive management or a sustained solution.
This review seeks to improve understanding of impediments to its resolution. Relevant studies reported in the past 5 years were identified in PubMed, Science Direct, Crossreff, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases.
In all, 12 studies in several Indonesian cities provided the basis for the review. Most were conducted in schools, indicating the potential of these institutions as targets for intervention but pointing to serious deficiencies in identification of the problem across the archipelago and in remote and rural areas. No study has evaluated coexistent anemia and malnutrition, which likely would have revealed the multi-factoriality of nutritional anemia. Data regarding nutrition education, food-based innovation, and supplementation, which may alleviate anemia in children and adolescents, are available, although study lengths and sample sizes have limited interpretation and comparison.
Broadly, three intervention approaches to nutritional anemia have been undertaken, namely food-based interventions, nutrient supplementation, and nutrition education. Some progress has been made with these approaches, presumably through increases in iron intake. More information is needed regarding the underlying causality and pathogenesis, suboptimal food patterns, and comorbidities, any of which might limit the effectiveness of programs designed to resolve childhood and adolescent anemia in Indonesia.
印度尼西亚儿童和青少年的营养性贫血通常被视为和治疗为缺铁性贫血，就像其他年龄段的人一样。
然而，由于缺乏全面的管理或持续的解决方案，它仍然是一个公共卫生威胁。
本综述旨在增进对其解决障碍的理解。在 PubMed、Science Direct、Crossref、Google Scholar 和开放获取期刊目录数据库中，检索了过去 5 年报道的相关研究。
共有来自印度尼西亚几个城市的 12 项研究为综述提供了依据。大多数研究在学校进行，表明这些机构作为干预目标的潜力，但也指出了在整个群岛以及偏远和农村地区识别该问题的严重不足。没有研究评估共存的贫血和营养不良，这可能揭示了营养性贫血的多因素性。虽然研究长度和样本量限制了解释和比较，但有关营养教育、基于食物的创新和补充剂的数据可缓解儿童和青少年的贫血。
广泛而言，已经采取了三种干预营养性贫血的方法，即基于食物的干预、营养素补充和营养教育。这些方法取得了一些进展，大概是通过增加铁的摄入量。需要更多关于潜在因果关系和发病机制、次优食物模式和合并症的信息，这些都可能限制旨在解决印度尼西亚儿童和青少年贫血问题的项目的有效性。
