Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.
Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Dec 14;11:597648. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597648. eCollection 2020.
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver complications. The development of NASH is the consequence of aberrant activation of hepatic conventional immune, parenchymal, and endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators from the liver, adipose tissue, and gut. Hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells contribute to the significant accumulation of bone-marrow derived-macrophages and neutrophils in the liver, a hallmark of NASH. The aberrant activation of these immune cells elicits harmful inflammation and liver injury, leading to NASH progression. In this review, we highlight the processes triggering the recruitment and/or activation of hepatic innate immune cells, with a focus on macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells as well as the contribution of hepatocytes and endothelial cells in driving liver inflammation/fibrosis. On-going studies and preliminary results from global and specific therapeutic strategies to manage this NASH-related inflammation will also be discussed.
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)是一种非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的进展形式,是慢性肝脏并发症的主要原因。NASH 的发展是由于肝脏、脂肪组织和肠道的炎症介质导致肝脏常规免疫、实质和内皮细胞异常激活的结果。肝细胞、枯否细胞和肝窦内皮细胞有助于骨髓来源的巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞在肝脏中的大量积累,这是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的一个标志。这些免疫细胞的异常激活引发了有害的炎症和肝损伤,导致 NASH 的进展。在这篇综述中,我们强调了触发招募和/或肝脏固有免疫细胞激活的过程,重点关注巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和固有淋巴细胞,以及肝细胞和内皮细胞在驱动肝脏炎症/纤维化中的作用。我们还将讨论正在进行的研究以及针对这种 NASH 相关炎症的全球和特定治疗策略的初步结果。