Ferreira Danielle Martins, Knorst Jessica Klöckner, Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto, Bolsson Gabriela Bohrer, Ardenghi Thiago Machado
Graduate Program in Oral Science, Pediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Oral Science, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
J Periodontol. 2021 Oct;92(10):1430-1440. doi: 10.1002/JPER.20-0010. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Social capital incorporates contextual and individual levels of interactions, which influence human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual social capital in early childhood on gingival bleeding in children after 7 years.
This 7-year cohort study was conducted with a randomized sample of 639 children (1 to 5 years old) evaluated in 2010 (T1) in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. Gingival bleeding was recorded during follow-up (T2). Contextual (social class association and number of churches) and individual (religious practice, volunteer networks, and school involvement) social capital variables were collected at baseline, along with demographic, socioeconomic, and oral health variables. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual variables on mean gingival bleeding. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated.
A total of 449 children were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% cohort retention rate). Children living in areas with a larger number of churches at baseline had lower mean gingival bleeding at follow-up. Regarding individual social capital, children whose parents did not attend school activities were more likely to have gingival bleeding. Additionally, low maternal education, poor parents' perception of oral health, non-use of dental services, and low frequency of tooth brushing were related to higher mean gingival bleeding at follow-up.
The presence of more churches in neighborhoods and parents' involvement in a child's school activities positively influenced children's oral health, and these individuals had lower mean gingival bleeding.
社会资本包含情境和个体层面的互动，这些互动会影响人类健康。本研究的目的是评估儿童早期的个体和情境社会资本对7年后儿童牙龈出血的影响。
这项为期7年的队列研究采用随机抽样，对2010年（T1）在巴西南部圣玛丽亚市评估的639名1至5岁儿童进行了研究。随访期间（T2）记录牙龈出血情况。在基线时收集情境（社会阶层关联和教堂数量）和个体（宗教活动、志愿者网络和学校参与度）社会资本变量，以及人口统计学、社会经济和口腔健康变量。采用多水平泊松回归模型研究个体和情境变量对平均牙龈出血的影响。计算发病率比（IRR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）。
7年后对449名儿童进行了重新评估（队列保留率为70.3%）。基线时居住在教堂数量较多地区的儿童在随访时平均牙龈出血较少。关于个体社会资本，父母不参加学校活动的儿童牙龈出血的可能性更大。此外，母亲教育程度低、父母对口腔健康的认知差、不使用牙科服务以及刷牙频率低与随访时较高的平均牙龈出血有关。
社区中教堂数量较多以及父母参与孩子的学校活动对儿童口腔健康有积极影响，这些个体的平均牙龈出血较少。
