Meira Gabriela Figueiredo, Knorst Jessica Klöckner, Maroneze Marília Cunha, Ortiz Fernanda Ruffo, Ardenghi Thiago Machado
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology Santa Maria,RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Braz Oral Res. 2020 Sep 4;34:e104. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0104.
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of clinical and socioeconomic factors on social capital throughout adolescence. A cohort study was performed in 2012 (T1) with a random sample of 1,134 12-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil. Questions on socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, household crowding) were answered by the parents. Clinicians evaluated their dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled status of permanent teeth) and gingival bleeding (using the Community Periodontal Index). Contextual variables including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located were used (T1). The adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (T2) and answered questions regarding social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness). A path analysis was used to test the relationship between the predictor variables (T1) and social capital (T2). A total of 768 adolescents were reevaluated at a 6-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.7%). Most of the adolescents were girls, with a low household income, about 40% had caries experience (T1), and about 64% had high social capital (T2). The highest neighborhood's mean income was related to a lower household income in T1 (p < 0.01), and this was directly related to a low social capital in T2 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, caries experience at T1 was directly associated with low social capital at T2 (p = 0.03). Socioeconomic factors were also related to caries experience. Individuals who lived in neighborhoods with greater inequality such as families with a low household income and those with untreated dental caries in early adolescence, had a low social capital after follow-up.
该研究的目的是调查临床和社会经济因素对整个青春期社会资本的影响。2012年进行了一项队列研究（T1），从巴西圣玛丽亚随机抽取了1134名12岁青少年作为样本。父母回答了关于社会经济因素（母亲教育程度、家庭收入、家庭拥挤程度）的问题。临床医生评估了他们的龋齿情况（恒牙的龋坏、缺失和充填状况）以及牙龈出血情况（使用社区牙周指数）。使用了包括学校所在社区的平均收入在内的背景变量（T1）。2018年对青少年进行了重新评估（T2），并回答了有关社会资本的问题（社会信任、社会控制、赋权、邻里安全和政治效能）。采用路径分析来检验预测变量（T1）与社会资本（T2）之间的关系。在6年随访中有768名青少年接受了重新评估（队列保留率为67.7%）。大多数青少年为女孩，家庭收入较低，约40%有龋齿经历（T1），约64%有较高的社会资本（T2）。社区的最高平均收入与T1时较低的家庭收入相关（p<0.01），这又与T2时较低的社会资本直接相关（p = 0.04）。此外，T1时的龋齿经历与T2时较低的社会资本直接相关（p = 0.03）。社会经济因素也与龋齿经历有关。生活在不平等程度较高社区的个体，如家庭收入低的家庭以及青春期早期有未经治疗龋齿的个体，随访后社会资本较低。
